1. Acids! Reality versus Myth!

2. General Characteristics Electrolyte Aqueous solution has sour taste Change color of indicator Indicator: organic acid or base that changes color when it is ionized by reaction with acid or base React with bases to produce salt and water Salt: inorganic ionic compound

3. General Characteristics Continued Sometimes react with active metal to form hydrogen gas and salt Ex: Mg (s) + 2 HNO 3 (aq) --> Mg(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) React with metallic carbonates to form carbon dioxide gas and salt Ex: Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate

4. Acid Nomenclature Nomenclature Binary acids: contain only hydrogen and an electronegative element Naming: hydro-element name-ic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid

5. Acid Nomenclature Oxyacids: contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element (nonmetal) Name based on polyatomic ion contained in acid Most common ion (-ate) named ion -ic acid One less oxygen: (-ite) named ion -ous acid Two less oxygen: named hypo- ion -ous acid More oxygen: named per- ion -ic acid

6. Oxyacid Nomenclature Example Root ion: chlorate ClO 3 - Perchloric acid: HClO 4 Chloric acid: HClO 3 Chlorous acid: HClO 2 Hypochlorous acid: HClO

7. Arrhenius Definition Chemical compound that increases concentration of H+ in aqueous solution HCl (g) + H 2 O (l) → H 3 O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

8. Now you do it! Read pages 453-457 Assignment: Write down one use for: Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Hydrochloric acid Acetic acid