1. WARM UP: DRAW THE INFORMATION INTO YOUR TIMELINE AS WE DISCUSS.

2. WHAT DOES “TURN OF THE CENTURY” REFER TO?

3. PRACTICE Century/Years 5 th AD = ___________ _______ = 1000 BC 17 th BC = ___________ _______ = 1856 AD 1 st AD = _________ _______= 637 AD Century/Years 27 th AD = ________ _______ = 1776 AD 21 st AD = __________ _______= 25 BC 10 th AD = ___________ ________= 1941

4. THE WEST PART 2

5. POLITICAL FACTORS AND ISSUES: WHAT POLITICAL FACTORS ENCOURAGED WESTERN EXPANSION? Indian Policies Indian removal /reservation system: Forced Native Americans to leave lands given to white settlers and to move to reservation lands in Oklahoma. Those that resisted were arrested or killed. (Indian Wars) Destruction of the buffalo also led to the destruction and removal of the Plains Indians and culture.

6. DISCUSSION QUESTION #7: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 7. How did the Indian Policies that destroyed the buffalo and removed Indians from their land, affect the American Indians and the American citizen? What was the Plains Indian culture like originally? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “The Indian policies, like destruction of buffalo, affected the Native Americans by ________________, while American citizens it ____________________.” (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank) (These were some of the tribes: Arikara, Hidatsa, Iowa, Kaw, Kitsai, Mandan, Missouria, Omaha, Osage, Otoe, Pawnee, Ponca, Quapaw, Wichita, and the Santee, Yanktonai and Yankton Sioux.)

7. INDIAN POLICIES CONTINUED Dawes Severalty Act - Tried to Americanize/assimilate the Indians. It broke up the reservations and encouraged Indians to live separate from their tribes. Those that accepted the deal, received land to farm and given citizenship, but they had to adopt American culture. What was left over the government sold to settlers….the Oklahoma Sooners! American Indian children were taken away from their homes (traditional Native American culture) and raised in boarding schools to become “Americanized.” Assimilation

8. DISCUSSION QUESTION #8: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 8. What does it mean to become “Americanized”? What characteristics would someone have to show to be “American”? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “To be American or become Americanized, you would have to ______________________________________.” **Come up with at least 2 different things. (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank)

9. DISCUSSION QUESTION #9: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 9. Do we still expect people who live in the U.S.A. to assimilate ? If yes, what are some examples in which we encourage or require our population to assimilate and become Americanized? If no, what are some examples in our society/population in which there is no requirement to assimilate? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “To be American or become Americanized, you would have to ______________________________________.” (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank)

10. PHYSICAL & HUMAN GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS: WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTED LIVING AND EXPANDING IN THE WEST? Settling the Great Plains: Human factors – the Plains Indians were the earliest settlers; innovations such as the steel plow made it easier to break the dense, rich soil and farm the land (increased settlement); The Homestead Act encouraged settlement.

11. Indians – hunted, planted crops, and settled small villages on the plains. Also, defended land from settlers. Horses helped increase their mobility and a lot of them left their villages and began hunting buffalo. The hides were used to build their tepees, clothes, food, shoes, and blankets. The buffalo provided the Indians with a lot of their basic needs.

12. Physical factors – located between the South and Midwest regions to the east and the Rocky Mountains to the west; experience the greatest extremes in temperature and climatic conditions of any region in the U.S. Winters are cold, with frequent snowy blizzards, while summers bring hot and dry winds. The land was ideal for farming because it is flat.

13. Klondike Gold Rush – late 1800s, in Northern Washington and Alaska Human factors – thousands, hoping to ease the woes of economic depression, sold farms, dropped businesses, and boarded ships to follow their dreams north. Physical factors – Alaska was seen as a large and distant source of raw materials.

14. DISCUSSION QUESTION #10: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 10.How did the environment (human and physical geography) impact settlement of the West, especially the Great Plains and the Klondike Gold Rush area/region? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “The environment in the West encouraged people to move west and settle because ______________ but _________________.” (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank)