1. A sustainable safety performance for railways Angelo Pira Project Officer at the European Railway Agency (ERA)

2. n° 2 o What ERA is o What safety is for us o The tools we are developing to measure the “current safety performance” and estimate a “sustainable safety performance” o Conclusions Content of the presentation

3. n° 3 o we are an agency of the European Union established in 2005, o our aim is to support the market opening through the harmonisation of safety management and the development of interoperability across Member States, o we deliver recommendations to the European Commission, which result in EU legislation. The European Railway Agency (ERA)

4. n° 4 o it is an aspect of the transport service quality, o it is delivered to passengers, employees and third parties, o customers of the railway system consider safety as one of the elements to be taken into account when choosing a transport mode for their travels. What railway safety is for us

5. n° 5 ERA is developing a set of common indicators and methods to: o measure the “current safety performance” of Member States, o calculate the “economic impact of accidents”. There is a safety performance that society is willing to pay for and which we can call “economically sustainable safety performance”. “Current safety performance” and “sustainable safety performance”

6. n° 6 Member States who are not aware of their “sustainable safety performance” will most probably: o either provide “more” safety than is economically sustainable or o provide “less” safety than is economically sustainable Both an “excess of safety” (for higher tickets’ prices) and a “lack of safety” might prompt passengers to shift to another transport mode. “Current safety performance” and “sustainable safety performance”

7. n° 7 It is expressed in individual risks (to passengers, staff, level crossing users, unauthorised persons on railway premises, others) and societal risk. Current Safety Performance = FWSI/ (Scaling Factor) FWSI = Fatality and Weighted Serious Injury = 1 F + SI/10 Weighting average processes are applied on data related to the last six years. “Current safety performance”, how we measure it

8. n° 8 We estimate the “economic impact of accidents” on society using four indicators in €: o number of deaths and serious injuries multiplied by the Value of Preventing a Casualty (VPC), o cost of delays as a consequence of accidents, o cost of material damages to rolling stock or infrastructure, o cost of damages to environment. A “sustainable safety performance”, how we estimate it

9. n° 9 A “sustainable safety performance” is achieved when the reduction of the “economic impact of accidents” equals the costs of the measures to implement to obtain this reduction. Three possible scenarios: A “sustainable safety performance”, how we estimate it

10. n° 10 On average a number N of FWSI resulted in: Costs of delays = C D /N; Material damage = C M /N; Damage to environment = C E /N Reduction of the economic impact of accidents = (F CST )* VPF + (SI CST )* (VPSI) + (FWSI CST )* [(C D + C M + C E )/N] F CST and SI CST are Fatalities and Serious Injuries to prevent to achieve a target. How to calculate a reduction of the “economic impact of accidents”

11. n° 11 o ERA is developing tools to measure the “current safety performance” and estimate a “sustainable safety performance”, o Railways who are not aware of their “sustainable performance” might deliver: o either an excess of safety or o a lack of safety, in either scenario customers may shift to another transport mode. Conclusions

12. n° 12 o ERA is delivering recommendations to achieve targets leading to safety performance sustainable for society, o The measurement of the “current safety performance” and “sustainable safety performance”, for all transport modes, would help decision makers in planning an efficient allocation of economic resources to safety transport. Conclusions

13. n° 13 Thank you very much indeed for your attention!