1. Frank Zimmermann, Frankfurt am Main, 13 November 2008
CERN overview
Frank Zimmermann,
Frankfurt am Main, 13 November 2008
Thanks to: Markus Aicheler, Ralph Assmann, Bernhard Auchmann, Kurt Aulenbacher, Hans Braun, Rama Calaga, Allen Caldwell, Bernd Dehning, Frank Gerigk, Massimo Giovannozzi, Alex Herlert, Anke-Susanne Müller, Yannis Papaphilippou, Peter Peiffer, Robert Rossmanith, Rüdiger Schmidt, Haris Skokos, Ralph Steinhagen, Guoxing Xia, …

2. contents CERN projects & future plans
existing & proposed areas of collaboration with German universities

3. CERN founded in 1954 financed by >20 European countries
laboratory straddles the Swiss-French border west of the city of Geneva
with the participation of the United States, Canada, Japan, Russia, India and others, CERN’s main accelerator, the LHC, is the first global project in particle physics

4. CERN flagship accelerators
PS – Proton Synchrotron (1959-)
ISR - Intersecting Storage Rings ( )
SPS – Super Proton Synchrotron (1976-)
LEP – Large Electron-Positron storage ring ( )
LHC – Large Hadron Collider (2008-)
SLHC – Super LHC (~2017-)
CLIC – Compact Linear Collider (~2023?-)
first strong-focusing proton ring !
first hadron collider!
first proton-antiproton collider!
highest energy e+e- collider!
highest energy
proton/ion collider!
colour code: stopped, in operation, planned

5. CTF-3

6. … and there are some
German physicists at CERN

7. fixed-target programme
where to collaborate?
CERN accelerator projects
SLHC
LHC
injector upgrade
CLIC
fixed-target programme
CTF3
ISOLDE
n’s,
b beams
LHeC
advanced concepts
deutsche
Universität

8. Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
proton-proton
and ion-ion
collider
next energy-frontier
discovery machine
c.m. energy 14 TeV
(7x Tevatron)
design pp luminosity
1034 cm-2s-1
(~100x Tevatron)
LHC baseline was pushed in competition with SSC (†1993)

9. beam commissioning started 10 September

10. total stored energy=11 GJ
nominal LHC:
total stored energy=11 GJ
at 30 knots
[K.H. Mess, Chamonix 01]

11. at <1% of nominal intensity LHC enters new territory
R. Assmann
at <1% of nominal intensity LHC enters new territory

12. LHC collimation & protection
collimators and materials for high intensity beam, including new collimation technologies R. Assmann/CERN, J. Stadlmann/GSI, FP7 ColMat collaborators in Europe, LARP collaborators in US
high intensity beam interaction with matter (HiRadMat facility at SPS) R. Schmidt, R. Assmann/CERN
material damage from proton and ion beams
innovative composite materials for accelerators
precision control of mechanical systems in radioactive environments
EM field calculations for materials close to charged beams (“impedance”)
beam diagnostics in collimator blocks (beam position, …)
cryogenic collimators
new accelerator physics solutions for collimation (crystals, e-beam lens, non-linear)
sound/vibration measurements for LHC collimators (cables already installed)
massive parallel tracking for beam halo, including GRID resources
collaboration in EU FP7
FP7
proposed collaboration
&/or PhD projects

13. High-Energy Hadron Fluences
T. Wijnands, M. Brugger
High-Energy Hadron Fluences
104
105
106
107
108
109
1010
1011
1012
1013
Aircraft Altitudes
LHC Machine electronics equipment
LHC Detectors
Airbus A330
sea Level (Lowest !!!)
UAs
Under ARC dipole
TAN
RE38
UJ76
UAs
DS Q8
(low)
UX45
(peak)
Under ARC quad
UJ33
UJ32
CNGS Some Failures
RR53 RR77 UX85
e.g., some estimated LHC-levels for hadrons (E > 20 MeV) per cm2 per nominal year

14. LHC radiation issues proposed collaboration proposed collaboration
integration of radiation tolerant analog circuits in ASICs
B. Dehning/CERN
measurement of He3 in Helium
R. Schmidt/CERN
activation of LHC equipment
proposed collaboration
proposed collaboration
proposed collaboration

15. Beam Loss Acquisition Card Radiation Tolerant Analog Inputs in an ASIC
8 discrete current inputs (CFC)
ADC AD41240 CERN ASIC
LM4140 voltage reference
Anti-fuse FPGA as data combiner
Two redundant GOH from CMS (including CERN ASIC)
Line driver CRT910 CERN ASIC
DAC AD5346
Card tested up to a Dose of 500 Gy
Replacements of discrete analog current to frequency converters (CFC) by radiation tolerant ASIC
CERN, B. Dehning

16. electron cloud in the LHC
schematic of e- cloud build up in the arc beam pipe,
due to photoemission and secondary emission
[F. Ruggiero]

17. LHC electron cloud proposed PhD project proposed PhD project
electron-cloud in cryogenic environment
F. Zimmermann/CERN , A.S. Müller, S. Casalbuoni & K. Sonnad, Universität Karlsruhe
heat load
experiments with ANKA in-vacuum s.c. undulator
simulations
electron-microwave interaction
F. Caspers, F. Zimmermann/CERN , A.S. Müller, S. Casalbuoni & K. Sonnad, Universität Karlsruhe
microwave for diagnostics and/or suppression
microwaves as threat: “magnetron effect”
experimental tests at ANKA
proposed PhD project
proposed PhD project

19. s.c. magnets for SLHC & new injectors
numerical methods for 3D magnetic field calculations
S. Rjasanov/Universität des Saarlandes, FR 6.1 Mathematik
B. Auchmann/CERN AT/MEI-FP, ROXIE-code für das elektromagnetische Design von supraleitenden Magneten
activity ongoing & supported!
Titel: Hochpräzise Numerik für Wirbelstromprobleme basierend auf schnellen Randelementmethoden höherer Ordnung
DFG Antrag auf Gewährung von Sachbeihilfe bewilligt.
Projektbeginn: März 2008
Projektdauer: 3 Jahre

20. LHC advanced beam diagnostics
beam imaging using micro-vertex detectors
R. Schmidt/CERN
longitudinal and transverse electro-optical sampling of charged particle beams
optical hybrids and beam signal processing techniques
other methods based on e.g. magnetic sampling (Hall effect)
R. Steinhagen, R. Jones/CERN
possible collaboration topic
possible collaboration topic
target: minimise intrinsic limitations of classical electro-magnetic beam instrumentation (relying on buttons, strip-lines, cavities, wall-current etc.) and to optimise its known constraints such as 'common-mode', EMC robustness, measurement drifts, bandwidth (target: 10++ GHz), costs etc.

21. LHC forecast peak & integrated luminosity evolution
New injectors + IR upgrade phase 2
ATLAS will need ~18 months shutdown
goal for ATLAS Upgrade:
3000 fb-1 recorded
cope with ~400 pile-up events each BC
Collimation phase 2
Linac4 + IR upgrade phase 1
M. Nessi, R. Garoby

22. LHC upgrade paths early separation (ES) full crab crossing (FCC)
stronger triplet magnets
stronger triplet magnets
D0 dipole
small-angle
crab cavity
small-angle
crab cavity
larger-aperture triplet magnets
large Piwinski
angle (LPA)
wire
compensator
reviewed by LHCC,
1 July 2008

23. experimenters’ choice (2008):
no accelerator components inside detector
lowest possible event pile up
possibility of easy luminosity levelling
→ full crab crossing upgrade

24. (S)LHC crab crossing scheme
proposed topics of collaboration:
optimization of cavity/coupler design
novel cavity concepts
cryostat design incl. interface to CERN infrastructure
strong-strong beam-beam effects with crab
impedance including stability requirements
low level RF (incl. DESY?)
testing cavities, e.g. on copper model
power systems: CC specific requirements, R&D on SPS 800 MHz power systems
other beam dynamics studies like noise
beam experiments in AD or SPS 
Z. Li et al. (SLAC)‏
Y. Morita et al. (KEK)‏
G. Burt et al (LU/DL/CI)‏
R. Calaga, BNL/US-LARP; R. Tomas, J. Tuckmantel, F. Zimmermann, CERN; DESY?; FNAL; UK

25. Compact Crab Cavities SLAC ½ Wave & Spoke Structures
FNAL Mushroom Cavity
BNL TM010, BP Offset
KEK Kota Cavity
UK-JLAb Rod Structure

26. present and future LHC injectors
Proton flux / Beam power
Linac2
Linac4
50 MeV
160 MeV
PSB
(LP)SPL
1.4 GeV
4 GeV
(LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS
(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS
(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC
(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC
(1 to ~14 TeV) PS
26 GeV
PS2
50 GeV
Output energy
SPS
450 GeV
SPS+
1 TeV
LHC /
SLHC
DLHC
7 TeV
~ 14 TeV
Roland Garoby, LHCC 1July ‘08

27. layout of new LHC injectors
SPS
PS2, ~2017
SPL,~2017 PS
Linac4
~2012
R. Garoby, CARE-HHH BEAM07, October’07; L. Evans, LHCC, 20 Feb ‘08

28. superconducting RF for SPL
R&D on superconducting RF cavities
C. Welsch/Universität Heidelberg, W. Weingarten/CERN
calculation of higher order modes of SPL cavities
C. Welsch/Universität Heidelberg, F. Gerigk/CERN
collaboration ongoing
collaboration ongoing

29. LHeC based on e- ring or e- linac

30. SPL as e- recirculating linac
as future e- injector and/or as first-stage ep collider

31. Large Hadron Electron Collider
proposed subjects for PhD theses:
design study for an electron ring in the LHC tunnel
H. Burkhardt /CERN, A. S. Müller, G. Quast, University Karlsruhe
ion effects in recirculating electron linacs or ERLs
Frank Zimmermann/CERN, A.S. Müller, S. Casalbuoni & K. Sonnad, Uni. Karlsruhe

32. Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE)
M. Giovannozzi
Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE)
beam is separated in transverse phase space using
nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles ad octupoles) to create stable islands
slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross resonance
beneficial effects:
reduced losses; improved phase-space matching
beamlets have equal emittance and optical parameters

33. Multi-Turn Injection (MTI)
M. Giovannozzi
Multi-Turn Injection (MTI)
new application
efficient method to create hollow beams
“flat” beam distribution obtained by injecting a fifth turn in the centre.
“Standard” hollow beam distribution
M. Giovannozzi, J. Morel, PRST-AB, 10, (2007)

34. Fixed-Target & RIB Programmes
PS multi-turn extraction & injection
M. Giovannozzi/CERN, A. S. Müller, G. Quast, University Karlsruhe
possible subjects for PhD thesis:
MTE:
details of splitting process, analytical and numerical
optimisation (final vs initial beam parameters)
4D case (so far 2D model)
MTI:
same as previous
include space charge effects in simulations
impact of space charge, especially on final hollow distribution
REX-ISOLDE Upgrades
A.J. Herlert/CERN
proposed PhD projects:

35. (isotope separator on-line)
radioactive ion beam facility
more than 800 different isotopes
of more than 70 different elements
nuclear physics and solid-state
physics research
(isotope separator on-line)
future projects:
target development (selectivity and
ion beam purity)
laser application (resonant laser
ionization and laser spectroscopy)
polarized radioactive beams
HIE-ISOLDE upgrade for higher
energy of post-accelerated ions
(e.g. superconducting LINAC)
contact:
REX-ISOLDE
(post-acceleration)
REXEBIS
Experiments
REXTRAP
MASS SEPARATOR
7-GAP RESONATORS
@ MHz IH
RFQ
9-GAP RESONATOR
@ MHz
3.0 MeV/u
2.2 MeV/u
1.2 MeV/u
0.3 MeV/u
ISOLDE beam
60 keV
Rebuncher
Primary target
High energy driver beam
protons
Optional stripper
ISOLDE

36. CLIC 3-TeV e+e- Linear Collider
326 klystrons
33 MW, 139 ms
326 klystrons
33 MW, 139 ms
combiner rings
Circumferences
delay loop 72.4 m
CR m
CR m
drive beam accelerator
2.38 GeV, 1.0 GHz
drive beam accelerator
2.38 GeV, 1.0 GHz
CR1
1 km
1 km
delay
loop
delay
loop
CR2
CR2
CR1
decelerator, 24 sectors of 878 m
BDS
2.75 km
BDS
2.75 km
BC2
BC2
245m IP
245m TA
R=120m
e- main linac , 12 GHz, 100 MV/m, 21.1 km
e+ main linac TA
R=120m
48.4 km
booster linac,
9 GeV
e+ injector, 0.2 GeV
e+ DR
365m
e+ PDR
365m
BC1
CLIC 3-TeV e+e-
Linear Collider
e- DR
365m
e- PDR
365m
linac,
2.2 GeV
e- injector, 0.2 GeV

37. H. Braun
Two beam scheme
without drive beam CLIC would need Klystrons for ECMS =3 TeV

38. H. Braun
Main Beam
Drive Beam

39. Instrumentation Test Beamline at CTF3
Proposal for ITB
Instrumentation Test Beamline at CTF3
Interested partners and contact persons
Royal Holloway University of London, Grahame Blair
LAPP Annecy, Yannis Karyotakis
North Western University Chicago, Mayda Velasco
University of Heidelberg and Cockcroft Institut, Carsten Welsch
FZK and University of Karlsruhe, Anke-Susanne Mueller,
University of Dortmund, Thomas Weis
CERN, Hans Braun
Description
CTF3: accelerator test facility built at CERN by international collaboration to develop CLIC linear collider technology
Construction of CLEX area (=CLIC EXperimental area) at CTF3 revealed excellent opportunity to build a flexible Instrumentation Test Beam (ITB), allowing development and testing of vast range of advanced beam instrumentation in dedicated beamline. This R&D is in high demand for both CLIC and ILC instrumentation issues but also beneficial for many other accelerator applications.
The ITB is using the 180 MeV, low emittance beam from the CALIFES linac of CTF3.
H. Braun

40. ITB CTF3 complex CLEX H. Braun Layout of CLEX floor space
Drive Beam
Injector
Drive Beam Accelerator
X 2 Delay Loop
X 5 Combiner Ring
Two-beam
Test Area
3.5 A ms
150 MeV
35 A ns
150 MV/m
30 GHz
16 structures - 3 GHz - 7 MV/m
30 GHz and Photo injector test area
CLEX
TL2
TL1
CTF3 complex
Layout of CLEX floor space
3.0m
3.0m
DUMP D F D F
TBL D F D F F
TL2’ D
DUMP
TBTS
DUMP F D F D F F D F D D F D F
DUMP D F
1.4m
LIL-ACS F
LIL-ACS
LIL-ACS
23.2 m
CALIFES probe beam injector D
ITB F
DUMP
16 m
H. Braun

41. CALIFES Linac Floorspace for ITB
ITB doesn’t start from scratch but is an add-on to existing accelerator infrastructure of CTF3 !
CALIFES Linac
Floorspace for ITB

42. baseline concept of ITB comprises
H. Braun
baseline concept of ITB comprises
bunch compressor to achieve bunch length as short as required by CLIC and ILC
focusing magnets to adjust beam size at test location
standard instrumentation for best possible beam characterisation at test location
dedicated vacuum sector to allow easy and rapid installation and pump down of experiments
magnet spectrometer to measure energy loss for specific experiments
gas target to generate beam halo in controlled manner
first set of experiments in ITB will address
novel bunch length diagnostics with coherent diffraction radiation
novel beam halo monitoring devices
novel beam loss monitoring devices
novel methods of single shot emittance measurement with OTR
characterization of precision beam position monitors
Many other ideas for experiments are evolving

43. ITB student opportunities contributions welcome!
ITC cost & schedule
Technical infrastructure, floor space and part of magnets will be provided by CERN. Missing investment costs for the baseline ITB facility is estimated at 500 k€.
This direct cost could be further reduced if Institute workshops provide components.
Design and construction of ITB from t0 to first beam experiments will take about 2 years.
ITB student opportunities
Already design and commissioning of ITB provides excellent opportunities for PhD projects in accelerator physics.
The instruments which can be developed and tested with ITB offer a vast range of cutting edge projects in applied physics and engineering science.
For this kind of projects a large part of the development and preparation can be done in the home institutes, in close contact with the international CTF3 collaboration and the experts at CERN.
Students involved in ITB have the possibility to participate in the recently approved
EU-FP7 DITANET network
The development of novel DIagnostic Techniques for future particle Accelerators is the goal of this new European NETwork installed within the Marie Curie ITN scheme.
H. Braun
contributions welcome!
possible PhD projects

44. more CLIC topics … collaboration possible collaboration possible
CLIC technology: active stabilization of large and heavy accelerator structures to the level of nanometers
Contact H. Schmickler/CERN
high precision machining and assembly of AS & PETS
G. Riddone/CERN
use of Bochum University scanning electron microscope with EBSD for surface investigations
of CLIC prototype cavities
M. Aicheler/CERN & Universität Bochum
collaboration possible
collaboration possible
collaboration ongoing

45. Electron Back Scattered Diffraction
M. Aicheler
Electron Back Scattered Diffraction
SEM: Leo 1530 VP
EBSD unit: EDAX TSL
electron microscope column
ordinarily used for:
- texture analysis
orientation of samples (like X-Ray diffraction but faster)
identification of different phases (like TEM but lower resolution/magnification)
possibility to connect with quantitative EDX scans
“Bragg Reflection”
70°
Phosphoric screen and digital camera
=> Kikuchi pattern
collaboration ongoing
Kikuchi pattern

46. collaboration ongoing
M. Aicheler
thermal fatigue behavior versus grain orientation
collaboration ongoing
EBSD
SEM
[1 1 1] (blue) direction highly developed fatigue features
[1 0 0] (red) direction less developed fatigue features x y z
[1 0 0]
[1 1 0]
[1 1 1]

47. … and more CLIC topics collaboration starting, support welcome
Precision Polarisation Measurements and Spin Management for Linear Colliders
Contact K. Aulenbacher/Universität Mainz
development of superconducting wiggler magnets in Nb3Sn technology for applications in linear colliders and synchrotron light sources
D. Wollmann, A. Bernhard, P. Peiffer, Uni. Karlsruhe, R. Rossmanith/FZK, R. Maccaferi, H. Braun/CERN
nonlinear dynamics studies for the CLIC damping rings
Ch. Skokos/MPI-PKS Dresden, Y. Papaphilippou/CERN
collaboration starting, support welcome
collaboration ongoing, support welcome
collaboration welcomes newcomers

48. CLIC spin management possibilities at MAMI-C/U. Mainz
K. Aulenbacher
some spin management issues for linear colliders:
1. Compton laser-backscattering polarimeter (CLB):
candidate for linear collider polarimeter at high energy.
2. cross-checking CLB accuracy (DP/P<1% req.) interesting.
3. Mott polarimeters offer similar accuracy ( comparison).
4. depolarization in arcs (esp. damping rings)
existing devices in Mainz for tests & developments :
high intensity polarized beam at 1.5 GeV
Compton backscattering polarimeter set-up in Hall-3
high-accuracy Mott polarimeter at MeV
spin orientation in arbitrary direction at Mott and CLB
beam transport in arcs off or on spin resonance

49. ANKA-CERN s.c. wiggler - goals
P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith
ANKA-CERN s.c. wiggler - goals
strong fields and short periods necessary both in SC undulators (ANKA) and in damping wigglers to achieve a low emittance (CLIC)
→ high current densities
→ use of Nb3Sn as conductor
common R&D on winding and tapering methods; magnetic field measurements at ANKA
M. Korostelev, PhD thesis, EPFL 2006
ANKA SC
wiggler
BINP SC
BINP PM
Parameters
BINP
ANKA/CERN
Bpeak [T]
2.5
2.8
λW [mm] 50 40
Beam aperture full gap [mm]
20*
24*
Conductor type
NbTi
Nb3Sn
Operating temperature [K]
4.2
short prototype of the ANKA/CERN wiggler will be
installed & tested at ANKA

50. CERN-ANKA s.c. wiggler – joint work
P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith
calculations and simulations (Opera3D): Joint man power, know how and shared processing power between CERN and University Karlsruhe
tasks:
magnetic design
end period matching
designing field correctors
Modelling: z x y
Meshing
Simplification

51. CERN-ANKA s.c. wiggler shimming / trajectory correction
P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith
CERN-ANKA s.c. wiggler shimming / trajectory correction
integral correctors
local shimming
overall correction of electron trajectory
transparency of the undulator/wiggler
but no local control of field quality
local correction of field errors
space needed in gap
increased gap or decreased beam stay clear

52. CERN-ANKA wiggler - induction shimming
P. Peiffer, R. Rossmanith
CERN-ANKA wiggler - induction shimming
experimental test:
7 overlapping YBCO loops on a sapphire substrate mounted on a mockup undulator coil with a distorted field
Field integral over one ideal period = 0
Superconductive loop over one period
Enclosed flux = 0 in the ideal case
In presence of field errors, flux ≠ 0
Faraday's law: current is induced in a closed loop such that the change of flux enclosed by the loop is compensated.
→ induced current generates field that exactly counteracts the field error
uncorrected and corrected field and field difference
results:
corrected field noticably flattened.
induction shimming works !
no current feed throughs: less heat load
no residual currents as long as Iinduced < IC
but substrate still too thick: reduced gap
work on substrate thickness ongoing
extend to more periods: overlapping coils.

53. Ch. Skokos and Y. Papaphilippou,
CLIC damping rings:
nonlinear dynamics
Ch. Skokos and Y. Papaphilippou,
EPAC08,
on momentum
only sextupole non-linearity
small DA confirmed by both tracking with symplectic integrator SABA2C and MADX-PTC
on-momentum frequency map reveals wide vertical tune spread and crossing of a multitude of resonances (especially 4th order for present working point)

54. can CERN and German universities collaborate?

55. yes they can!

56. advanced concepts “made in Germany”:
TeV protons as plasma driver to accelerate electrons to TeV-scale
energy
A.Caldwell,
K.Lotov,A.Pukhov,
F.Simon;
MPI-P München,
U. Düsseldorf, &
Novosibirsk e- p p p e- p e- e-
150 m
300 m
450 m
first contacts
arXiv: v1, July ‘08

57. thank you for your attention!