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Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.011 Initial Conditions at RHIC: an Experimental Perspective RHIC-INT Workshop LBNL, May31 – June 2, 2001 Itzhak Tserruya Weizmann.

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Presentation on theme: "Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.011 Initial Conditions at RHIC: an Experimental Perspective RHIC-INT Workshop LBNL, May31 – June 2, 2001 Itzhak Tserruya Weizmann."— Presentation transcript:

1 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.011 Initial Conditions at RHIC: an Experimental Perspective RHIC-INT Workshop LBNL, May31 – June 2, 2001 Itzhak Tserruya Weizmann Institute

2 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.012 Global Observables at RHIC: an Experimental Perspective RHIC-INT Workshop LBNL, May31 – June 2, 2001 Itzhak Tserruya Weizmann Institute

3 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.013 Outline Introduction * Global Observables : Why and What * From Global Observables to Initial Conditions RHIC results * Consistency between different experiments * Consistency between different quantities * Centrality dependence * Model comparison * Comparison to lower energies and to pp Summary

4 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.014 Global Observables WHAT ? * dN ch /d , dE T /d , * Reflect the conditions of the system well after freeze-out, after resonance decays WHY ? * “Easy” measurements * Constrain models * Initial Conditions

5 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.015 dN/d  Predictions

6 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.016 Initial Conditions centrality defined as percentile of  tot N part, N coll, b WHAT ? * energy density * formation time * initial temperature Not measured Inferred thru models

7 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.017 PHOBOS : |  |<1,   1%? 2 layers of Si detectors close to vertex (B=0) dN ch /d  = 555 ±12 ±35 (6% most central) PRL dN ch /d  = 579 ±12 ±22 (6% most central) PHENIX : |  |<0.35,  = 90 o 2 layers of PC at 2.5 and 5 m from vertex (B=0) dN ch /d  = 622 ±1± 41 (5% most central) STAR : |  |<1.8,  = 2  Tracking in TPC, p t >100 MeV (B#0) dN ch /d  = 567±1±38 (5% most central) 3 completely different methods remarkable agreement dN ch /d  = 584 ±18 RHIC : dN ch /d 

8 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.018 RHIC : PHENIX: (preliminary) average p t per event, p T > 200 MeV = 523 ± 29 MeV Good guess:  450 MeV - Centrality: - 0-5% t PHENIX preliminary p T (GeV/c) (overestimate? NA49 measures h - 385 MeV power law fit gives 429 MeV) STAR: power-law fit to h - = 508 ±12 MeV HIJING: p T >0 MeV = 450 MeV p T >200 MeV = 522 MeV

9 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.019 PHENIX : |  |<0.35,  = 45 o dE T /d  = 503 ±1±23 (5% most central) RHIC : dE T /d 

10 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0110 PHENIX: Consistency Check Are PHENIX 0-5% results consistent? dE T /d  = 503 GeV, dN ch /d  = 622, = 450 MeV Simple approximation: ? 503 ±23 = 429 ±37 19% difference Applying the same approximation to HIJING yields a difference of  12%

11 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0111 Minimum-bias distribution at  s NN = 130 GeV at  s NN = 130 GeV PHENIX Au-Au  s NN = 130 GeV PHENIX Au-Au  s NN = 130 GeV

12 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0112 Centrality dependence (I): PHENIX dN ch / d  and dE T / d  show consistent behaviour Clear increase of dN ch / d  and dE T / d  per participant pair vs N part Data compatible with pp measurement PHENIX

13 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0113 Centrality Dependence (II): PHOBOS

14 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0114 Centrality Dependence (III): PHENIX - PHOBOS PHENIX - PHOBOS

15 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0115 PHENIX preliminary Centrality Dependence (IV): Comparison to CERN results Comparison to CERN results WA97 Transverse energy Multiplicity  -value WA98 PHENIX

16 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0116 Particle production mechanism (I) PHENIX  Consistent results:  Hard processes contribution increases with centrality: from ~30% mid-central to ~50% most central dN ch /d  per participant increases vs N par In contrast with EKRT saturation model Similar to HIJING (although data ~15% higher)

17 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0117 Particle production mechanism (II) Kharzeev, Nardi, Phys. Lett. B 507 (2001) A. Capella, D. Sousa, nucl-th/0101023 BUT: Capella, D. Sousa, nucl-th/0101023 No hard component. Soft processes scale with N coll Kharzeev, Nardi, Saturation model agrees with data

18 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0118 SPS Results: Summary dN ch /dydE T /dy h - 0-5%0-2% 0-5%

19 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0119 Intermezzo : a few O(10%) factors (I): E T Definition Definition A: E-m = KE for nucleons + Total energy E for all other particles Definition B: E-m = KE for nucleons + E+m for antinucleons + Total energy E for all other particles i.e. total energy generated in the transverse plane (count mass of produced baryons but does not count mass of participating nucleons) WA98 uses definition B PHENIX A NA49 ?

20 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0120 Intermezzo : a few O(10%) factors (II): Central Collisions  WA98 : 0 –1% 100 0 – 5% 92 0 – 10% 85  top 5% corresponds to b  0 – 3 fm Adopt 0-1% or 0-2% Nuclear Radius NA49: Pb radius R = r -o A 1/3 r -o = 1.12 fm PHENIX: Au radius r -o = 1.18 fm 10% difference in energy density

21 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0121 Intermezzo : a few O(10%) factors (III): dN/d  and dN/dy dN/d  dN/dy |y|<0.5 : |y|<1 : RHIC: mid-rapidity is at y(  ) = 0 SPS: mid-rapidity is at y(  ) = y beam /2 dN/dy  dN/d 

22 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0122 Energy density a la Bjorken: Energy Density From SPS to RHIC: at least 70% increase in 

23 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0123   From SPS to RHIC ~70% increase in dN ch /dy ~70% increase in dE T /d   ln(  s NN ) dependence from AGS to RHIC   s NN Dependence

24 24 dN/d  : Predictions with quenching No jet quenching STAR PHENIX from  s NN ) dN ch /d  increase from  s NN ) = 130 to 200 GeV: ln(  s NN ) dependence: ln(  s NN ) dependence:  9% HIJING with quenching:  30%

25 25 Transverse energy per charged particle dE T /dN ch independent of  s NN dE T /dN ch independent of N part Consistent with very moderate increase of from AGS to RHIC: NA49 h - = 385 MeV RHIC  450 MeV UA1: =392 MeV dE T / dN ch = 0.9

26 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0126 Summary E T per N ch independent of centrality and of energy Systematic study of dE T /d  and dN ch /d  vs. Npart: * Stronger increase than at the CERN SPS *Evidence for role of hard processes ? dN ch /dy, dE T /dy and Bjorken energy density in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC ~70% higher than in Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS Very moderate increase O(20%) of between SPS and RHIC

27 Itzhak Tserruya 29.5.0127 Are NA49 0-5% results consistent? dE T /dy = 405 GeV, dN ch /dy = 410, = 385 MeV Simple approximation: NA49 Consistency Check ? 405 = 237 70% difference !! (but dE T /dy is for 0-2% and dN ch /dy is for 0-5%)

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