2. Economy in the 1950s Protectionism – imposing tariffs on imports Irish industry was inefficient Imports cost more than exports – trade defecit Unemployment increased 50,000 people emigrated every year during 1950s

3. The Lemass Years 1959-66

4. Donough O’Malley Jack Lynch

5. The First Programme for Economic Expansion Aim: To attract foreign industry into Ireland How? By offering them grants to set up here No tax on profits Providing the facilities needed by building industrial estates To give grants to Irish firms

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7. Results – 1960s boom Many American, Japanese and British industries came to Ireland. Unemployment increased Emigration decreased The population increased for the first time since the Famine

8. Anglo-Irish Free Trade Agreement, 1965 Removed all tariffs on Irish industrial exports Gradually removed tariffs on British imports Result:  Between 1960-68 over 600 firms set up in Iteland

9. Free Education Donough O’Malley Free secondary education for all children Free school transport for all second level pupils Result: A well- educated workforce to fill the new jobs provided by foreign companies

10. North-South Relations Lemass visited O’Neill in Belfast Co-operation was encouraged in tourism and agriculture O’Neill returned the gesture by visiting Lemass in Dublin

11. RTÉ RTÉ first broadcast on 31 December 1961 Change in attitude of society – exposure to British and American cultures Social issues were debated for the first time on The Late Late Show

12. The Catholic Church In the early 1960s the Catholic Church had a powerful influence over Irish society Vatican Council 1958: The debate within the Church encouraged ordinary Catholics to question the teachings of the church Pope John XXIII