1. What has CP violation to do with nonlocality? by Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Austria Spooky action at distance also for neutral kaons?

2. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr What does Particle Physics teach us about QM?... a lot!! Is there nonlocality also in high energy systems? Are Bell inequalities violated? photons, atoms, single neutrons,... Particle physics? Spooky action at distance also for neutral kaons?

3. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr The EPR scenario... spin 1/2... qubit... photon... kaon... B-meson... single neutron in interferometer Antisymmetric Bell state:

4. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr The EPR scenario Completeness of the theory: “Every element of the physical reality must have a counterpart in the theory”  Quantum theory is not complete! 1935: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-PARADOX

5. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr What are Bell inequalities? realism locality free will Local realistic theories: inequalities for probabilities  always satisfied!  quantum mechanical probabilities may violate the inequalities! Quantum Mechanics: No spooky action at distance! Experiment has to decide!

6. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Generalized Bell inequality for kaons vary in times vary in quasi-spin or both QM: local realistic theories measurement device Are you in a certain quasispin k n or not? tata What can Alice & Bob measure? Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, PRA 63 (2001)

7. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr !?Nonlocality related to a symmetry violation?! Bell inequalitiesCP violation worldanti-world

8. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr CP violation Experiment: 1964 Christensen, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay CP violation Leptonic charge asymmetry:

9. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Generalized Bell inequality for kaons (I) I. Vary in quasi-spin: Leptonic charge asymmetry: ?! CP violation related to nonlocality !? Bertlmann, Grimus, Hiesmayr,PRA (2001) Hiesmayr, Found. of Phys. Lett (2001)

10. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Generalized Bell inequality for kaons (II) II. Vary in time: Violation! Strangeness oscillation/decay: PROPOSITION: The CHSH-inequality is violated iff x>2 for kaons or for other mesons x>2.6. Bertlmann, Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Lett. A (2004) Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A (2001) NO violation! Kaons? B-mesons: x=0.77 D-meson: x<0.03 B s -mesons: x>20.6

11. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Bell-CHSH type inequality for kaons Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, PRA 63 (2001) Bell-CHSH type inequality for kaons Violation! Strangeness oscillation/decay: PROPOSITION: The CHSH-inequality is violated iff x>2 for kaons or for other mesons x>2.6. Bertlmann, Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Lett. A (2004) Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A (2001) Photons: NO violation! Kaons? B-mesons: x=0.77 D-meson: x<0.03 B s -mesons: x>20.6 Is it really not possible to distinguish between local realistic theories and quantum mechanics for neutral kaons in a direct experiment? You have to be more tricky!

12. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Bell inequality sensitive to strangeness violated? Can we violate the BI for a certain initial state and if, what is the maximum value? Arbitrary initial state: Expectation value: local realistic theories Hiesmayr, Eur. Phys. J. C (2007)

13. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Bell inequality sensitive to strangeness violated? Can we violate the BI for a certain initial state and if, what is the maximum value? YES!! The maximal violation is obtained for a non-maximal entangled state Hiesmayr, Eur. Phys. J. C (2007) A. DiDomenico A. Go

14. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Different view on CP violation (1) The observation of an interference pattern and the adquisition of which-way information are mutually exclusive! Quantum systems possess properties that are equally real but mutually exclusive!  wave-particle duality Bohr’s principle of complementarity: Interferometric duality: predictability= a priori which-way knowledge fringe visibility pure state: equality Hiesmayr, Huber Phys. Lett. A (2007) Greenberger,Yasin (1988); Englert (1996)

15. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Different view on CP violation (2) predictability= a priori which-way knowledge fringe visibility=interference1 contrast pure state: equality Kaon in time: short-lived statelong-lived state „A kaon is a kind of double slit“ CP violation shifts obtainable information to different aspects of reality! Bramon,Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. (2004) Hiesmayr, Huber Phys. Lett. A (2007)

16. Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Summary/Outlook: Outlook: BI with regenerators: Testable BI for DAPHNE (Frascati,Rom)? direct experimental test of BI are highly desired! ( open: if non—maximal entangled states can be produced in experiment ) CP violation implies nonlocality CP violation shifts obtainable information to different aspects of reality kaons provide a ``dynamical´´ nonlocality nonlocality and entanglement are different quantum features A. DiDomenico A. Go  for quantum particles with more degrees of freedom Hiesmayr, Huber, Spengler; in preparation