1. Situation in the Netherlands
Recycling of Construction and Demolition waste
Situation in the Netherlands
Peter Broere
BRBS Recycling
EQAR May 8th 2015

2. Contents Focus on stony waste Background – Netherlands Legislation
Private regulations
Applications
Conclusions

3. Association for recycling companies
Founded 1980 (35 years)
C&D waste recycling
Breaking and sorting
70 members /> 100 sites
70–75% of Dutch market volume
Member of FIR

4. Background Densely populated Geotechnical situation Natural recourses
Nl 395/km2; Au 98/km2; D 231/km2; Fr 100/km2 Spain 91/km2
Consequences for building and demolishing activity
Geotechnical situation
1/3 part polders (clay on sand)
Peaty soils
Sand
Natural recourses
Gravel: Northsea and riverbeds
No rock / mining / mountains
Recycling: 20 Mton = 99%
Use: 150 Mton minerals

5. Development of Recycling in NL
1970’s: Need for materials
1980’s: Environmental awareness
1990’s: Quality management
2004+: European regulations

6. Legislation Landfill ban Environmental management law
No disposal of reusable C&D wastes
Sets basis for economically beneficial recycling
Environmental management law
Waste to be discarded at licensed site
Use of waste only allowed if regulated in decree (e.g. soils and stony materials if complied to SQD)
Licences in the supply chain
Demolition: duty to sanitize asbestos
Demolition: duty to separate specific wastes
C&D waste recycling: Only to process allowed wastes (Eural)
C&D waste recycling: No hazardous wastes (Eural)
National waste plan
Prohibition for mixing wastes of different quality
Policy rules on waste streams (basis for licences)

7. Supply chain

8. Legislation Waste Frame Directive Construction Products Directive
Declaration of performance
CE marking for recycled aggregates:
end products placed in the European market
requirements and Classification
(national implementation standards)

9. Legislation Soil Quality Decree (SQD) Product decree asbestos
Regulation on emissions of building materials (eluation and composition)
end quality leading for total supply chain
use and recycling benefit from SQD
same level as for primary materials: fair system
costs are acceptable
minimized double testing within supply chain
statistical system focuses on to critical parameters
complexity is manageable
Product decree asbestos
Partly implemented in the SQD
Other (radiation, outdoor air quality, etc.)
New topics or acceptable levels?
Not specifically product related

10. Legislation End of Waste regulation (02-2015): Voluntary system
Definitions, Acceptance policy, Processrequirements, Product requirements, Quality system level, Conformity declaration
Codification of CE + SQD

11. Other requirements National Standard Requirements Certification
CROW Standard Requirements (private)
Civil engineering works
Important basis for contracts
National Standards
Applications e.g. in concrete
Certification
private system for product quality
management of production
testing
quality level of sampling
quality level of tests
statistical evaluation
covers environmental and technical aspects
also covers legislation aspects

13. Products From sorting and breaking materials from construction:
Mixed
Concrete
Masonry
Asphalt
Fine
Sieve sand
Recycling breaker sand
Other
Bound and unbound

14. Characterisation Grading, shape, LA, etc. (EN 13242/EN 13285)
Composition (EN A1):
Concrete + masonry > 90% in different percentages
Mixed aggregate > 45% concrete
Concrete aggregate > 80% concrete
Primary stone: < 10%
Other stony: < 10%
Asphalt < 5%
Contaminants: < 1% and 0,1% for organic contaminants
Bearing capacity: CBR (EN Annex D)

15. Base layer stiffness: E-modulus
Road design parameters
E-modulus
CBR (28d)
Reduction asphalt thickness*
Sand
Gravel
Chrushed rock
120 – 200
120 – 300
15 – 20
15 – 40
50 – 80
Mixed recycled aggregate
Hydraulically bound aggregate
400 – 600
650 – 800
65 – 150
65 – 200
50 – 90 mm
Concrete aggregate
* Depending on stiffness underground and thickness of road-base

16. Applications Road base (EN 13242) Fills and embankments
(Sub)Base, Base course
highway
secondary road
airfield
cycle path
(Unbound) Top layers (Road foundation)
working floor
forest paths
footpaths
Paving layer (recycled sand)
Pile mattresses (0/40 – 0/90 mm)
Fills and embankments

17. Applications Aggregates for Concrete (EN 12620) Concrete mortars
Concrete products
Up to 100% replacement of primary materials
Fines included
Up to 50% concrete aggregate without redesign of mixture
Up to 30% use of recycled aggregate allowed without notification
Up to C35/45 (EN 206) = 65 N/mm2

18. Applications Asphalt (EN 13108) Reclaimed asphalt for warm asphalt
Reclaimed asphalt for unbound base layers
Reclaimed asphalt for cement bound layers

19. Applications Other: Drainage - infiltration Dikes – all components
Riverbanks, shores
Fillers
Clay / Chamotte
Gabion or Pannier

20. New sources From TAR Containing asphalt (thermal) From Asbestos?
Gravel
Sand
Filler
From Asbestos?
From railway ballast
From household waste incineration (IBA)
Metals
Fine and course aggregates

21. Conclusion Netherlands: Europe: Market: …….
recycling aggregate is very important resource
regulations complex but helpful for recycling
Europe:
more and more influence on national regulations
resetting NL regulations
Market:
many options for products and applications
road base market stabilizes
other outlet needed: aggregates for concrete
…….

22. Thank you!