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INTRACAVITY LASER SPECTRA OF METHANE 790 AND 861 nm BANDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES SADASIVAN SHAJI and JAMES J O’BRIEN Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry.

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Presentation on theme: "INTRACAVITY LASER SPECTRA OF METHANE 790 AND 861 nm BANDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES SADASIVAN SHAJI and JAMES J O’BRIEN Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry."— Presentation transcript:

1 INTRACAVITY LASER SPECTRA OF METHANE 790 AND 861 nm BANDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES SADASIVAN SHAJI and JAMES J O’BRIEN Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121.

2 Methane is an important component in the atmospheres of giant planets and their major satellites Laboratory spectral data at low temperatures are required to interpret the planetary data properly Methane spectrum in near-IR region is intrinsically very weak and hence a very sensitive method like intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS) is needed Absorption lines appear superimposed on the output of the laser which is operated in a time-modulated fashion ILS enhances the sensitivity with its tremendous 'effective pathlength' > 100 km being achieved easily ILS is both ultrasensitive and quantitative method for acquiring weak absorption spectra Introduction "The lakes of Titan" Nature, vol.445, p 61, 2007

3 Schematic diagram for the intracavity laser spectrometer FM=fold mirror; HR=high reflector; OC=output coupler; AOM=acousto-optic modulator

4 Schematic of the four walled Cryogenic chamber

5 Pressure and temperatures of the sample cell for the effective temperature 161 K (-112 ° C) when the set-point temperature is 148 K (-125 °C)

6 Pressure and temperatures of the sample cell for the effective temperature 131 K (-142 ° C) when the set-point temperature is 108 K (-165 °C)

7 Pressure and temperatures of the sample cell for the effective temperature 99 K (-174 ° C) when the set- point temperature is 77 K (-196 °C)

8 Plots indicating the linearity of the ILS results as a function of (a) path length (methane pressure is 8.1 torr) and (b) pressure for a section of the methane (generation time 40 microsec) around 12671 cm -1 at 99 K (a) (b)

9 Plots indicating the linearity of the ILS results as a function of (a) path length (methane pressure is 8.3 torr) and (b) pressure for a section of the methane (generation time 30 microsec) around 12671 cm -1 at 131 K (a)(b)

10 Plots indicating the linearity of the ILS results as a function of (a) path length (methane pressure is 7.3 torr) and (b) pressure for a section of the methane (generation time 30 microsec) around 12646 cm -1 at 161 K (a)(b)

11 A section of the methane 790 nm band around 12925 cm -1 at 99K, 131 K and 161 K

12 A section of the methane 790 nm band around 12925 cm -1 normalized to a sample pressure of 4 torr and 4 km pathlength at 99 K, 131 K and 161 K

13 A section of 99 K Methane spectrum in the 790 nm band showing the original and deconvolved data. The spectrum is normalized to methane conditions of 4 torr and 4 km

14 Methane absorption coefficients for the 790 nm band averaged per Å derived from ILS spectra of methane at 161 K, 131 K and 99 K.

15 Methane absorption coefficients for the 790 nm band averaged per cm -1 derived from ILS spectra of methane at 161 K, 131 K and 99 K.

16 Methane absorption coefficients for the 790 nm band averaged per nm interval derived from ILS spectra of methane at 161 K, 131 K and 99 K.

17 A section of the methane 861 nm band around 11598 cm -1 normalized to a sample pressure of 4 torr and 4 km pathlength at 99 K, 131 K and 161 K

18 Methane absorption coefficients for the 861 nm band averaged per Å derived from ILS spectra of methane at 161 K, 131 K and 99 K.

19 Methane absorption coefficients for the 861 nm band averaged per cm -1 derived from ILS spectra of methane at 161 K, 131 K and 99 K.

20 Methane absorption coefficients for the 861 nm band averaged per nm interval derived from ILS spectra of methane at 161 K, 131 K and 99 K.

21 Methane 790 and 861 nm band strengths (cm -1 km -1 am -1 ) a comparison 790 nm band861 nm band Karkoschka & Tomasco (R.T)448805 Karkoschka & Tomasco cold temperature (  100-120 K, Saturn’s upper troposphere) 427622 Ramaprasad et al. (liquid phase) 450 ± 401200 ±-300 Ramaprasad et al (calculated gas phase methane) 3901034 Giver (R T)469±14871 ± 45 ILS (R.T)252582 ILS (77K)638 ILS (161 K)410681 ILS (131 K)417776 ILS (99K)467836 James J O’Brien and Hong Cao, JQSRT 75 (2002) 323-350

22 A four-walled cryogenic chamber for low temperature ILS studies is used to collect the methane spectra The effective temperature in the chamber is in good agreement with that calculated from the gas laws. Linearity of the ILS results as a function of pathlength and pressure are verified at three low temperatures. Methane spectra recorded for 790 and 861 nm bands at different low sample temperatures. Absorption coefficients for the 790 and 861 nm bands at three low temperatures are determined. Conclusions

23 Acknowledgements Support from NASA’s Planetary Atmospheres Program (NAG5-12013) is gratefully acknowledged. Additional supplemental funding from National Science Foundation (CHE-0213356) and University of Missouri Research Board for the Verdi laser is gratefully acknowledged. Thank you

24 Å 161 K131 K99 K 7551,56 0,0503217420,0254626370,035814226 7552,5 0,0814875690,0918267270,093261966 7553,5 0,0705054320,0729271580,093400047 7554,5 0,0593454950,1029345350,108157623 7555,5 0,0564134020,0886186580,066235205 7556,5 0,0887434850,0884444810,070052136 7557,5 0,0990937380,0727619190,0646516 7558,5 0,0717149370,067451550,074446908 7559,5 0,0933798850,0474700650,051623372 7560,5 0,0653644840,0471686760,059005762 7561,5 0,0808985680,062079340,10155217 7562,5 0,0786319280,0607649120,067246763 7563,5 0,0683424750,0785000250,105571524 7564,5 0,0704855370,0525819720,072532012 7565,5 0,0865948020,0733082420,071492655 7566,5 0,0900903690,0853863190,057933352 7567,5 0,1045156380,0721620710,070040928 7568,5 0,1171417280,1016333240,104989153 7569,5 0,0681487160,1000163130,08892798 7570,5 0,0705614930,0625963110,070304139 7571,5 0,0959277370,0926153010,132440815 7572,5 0,0639204540,065454280,076233298 7573,5 0,0651530820,045417620,066588736 7574,5 0,0732896250,0584550520,088405033 7575,5 0,0513517810,0744189180,107485806 7576,5 0,0651438430,0778348540,111435755 7577,50,0742903060,0976146030,141602915 7578,50,0752011260,0754566870,121028048 7579,50,0833991550,0858769140,118301666 7580,50,0899170860,0909119750,113779739 7581,50,0717886980,0758614470,093543681 7582,50,0569984880,0684663980,101736319 7583,50,0447998070,0934841130,081200377 7584,50,0680643410,0856594940,115917763 7585,50,0752957970,063632890,145358162 7586,50,1404792930,1276437540,251668064 7587,50,108541720,0927271840,231951211 7588,50,0657142360,0630548730,157681037 7589,50,080651020,1023318930,130495692 7590,50,0982603430,0956401860,131087625 7591,50,065440350,0773015210,115019187 7592,50,0425561330,0751169090,066725216 7593,50,076494120,086750140,096581178 7594,50,1210621450,1280636820,171402281 7595,50,0823018750,0857545770,157745834 7596,50,0893443760,1063173310,1905955 7597,50,0825785790,1090312260,100689766 7598,50,0776104770,0723284420,100320005 7599,50,0846154890,0831744320,097653994 7600,50,1101181320,0959637770,181722793 7601,50,1222529970,0708190570,162696513 7602,50,1718599050,1197262270,249071304 790 nm band

25 7603,5 0,2349462170,2190704940,245289339 7604,5 0,3080401530,1771703990,194274585 7605,5 0,3188547220,1446302140,149866777 7606,5 0,1580400410,1343244950,156909679 7607,5 0,1454055940,1813237820,204265044 7608,5 0,1305167480,1335283680,154381425 7609,5 0,1463580110,1329801920,152431149 7610,5 0,1334717480,1062987970,157041727 7611,5 0,1867933780,1661148730,214271136 7612,5 0,1775618170,1662797260,199544599 7613,5 0,1812192070,1934107290,200549361 7614,5 0,1960620480,1928435850,235274061 7615,5 0,1615246050,1252058040,168162285 7616,5 0,1946645280,1594000730,207763494 7617,5 0,1747220470,1693942910,183676926 7618,5 0,2133946350,203531760,286968091 7619,5 0,1965664490,1985960580,234827712 7620,5 0,1397600560,1282838560,171900884 7621,5 0,1818562260,197649960,235906132 7622,5 0,1569316730,1823050960,236080275 7623,5 0,1985400610,1738723930,221222476 7624,5 0,1756972420,1772532010,210218609 7625,5 0,2046990750,1747032560,221079336 7626,5 0,19742370,1924551040,263191131 7627,5 0,2115540280,1569633380,205510432 7628,5 0,2121328220,2047061180,264737002 7629,5 0,2087376560,2085365450,267224205 7630,5 0,1340329410,1412457620,193210466 7631,50,1988276750,214683020,2418113027632,50,197781960,1798128770,231117933 7633,50,1876487860,1625476860,204586309 7634,50,1679967670,1853802640,221398239 7635,50,2051219330,2458809260,257473581 7636,50,1680040670,18025090,327131981 7637,50,1768703280,2171980720,254461718 7638,50,1834322640,2004890350,258442234 7639,50,1818230860,1963055660,249618627 7640,50,1877868150,1538887780,223528404 7641,50,2302382110,2615667980,364894393 7642,50,1991534160,2162965730,298458595 7643,50,2528245830,2682998970,324887742 7644,50,2732208060,2676033410,373883941 7645,50,2320438390,2254597430,274256139 7646,50,2455756540,2493282790,297503135 7647,50,1899454460,1782132970,219265098 7648,50,2579718650,3272257480,294294599 7649,50,2845107280,2829136020,366822213 7650,50,2689996660,2792181820,326358976 7651,50,2591799360,2458974390,322680764 7652,50,1947926140,2323156610,299154147 7653,50,2570143350,2596653640,444742998 7654,50,2033748410,2285029180,438310097 7655,50,1723698680,2233882690,298976252 7656,50,1506243540,1636599220,1860176 7657,50,2498623670,2899686070,343651267 7658,50,2362297620,2588687450,295271053

26 7659,5 0,1996355570,1911095070,216174918 7660,5 0,214485390,2347834630,221515653 7661,5 0,2150402420,3196953770,312952859 7662,5 0,1645783210,1992793870,198576024 7663,5 0,2371249520,2746840550,272746759 7664,5 0,2279880320,245895120,205883256 7665,5 0,2367785950,2596763550,316582624 7666,5 0,2852480630,2993027850,404825594 7667,5 0,1914414740,2432964350,355181441 7668,5 0,3723219560,4011121070,483961897 7669,5 0,3058076140,3941867960,449011878 7670,5 0,2679320730,3340921980,385398877 7671,5 0,2915576710,4292658180,434941964 7672,5 0,2609203380,2942205660,307399407 7673,5 0,227970450,3122862580,338824198 7674,5 0,1639013010,2286951110,21569722 7675,5 0,1642972480,2124648410,205001014 7676,5 0,206194460,2361801240,24231724 7677,5 0,1939192470,2108321950,229660056 7678,5 0,1836840590,2219773970,201237959 7679,5 0,1703102520,1877434970,178444684 7680,5 0,1704375930,174057250,21764947 7681,5 0,2152349220,2149357640,22118983 7682,5 0,1933535470,1829112490,191578813 7683,5 0,1871026120,1506920060,180719383 7684,5 0,2067363550,2195616520,237049674 7685,5 0,2284575270,2294523750,270012223 7686,50,2177481060,2004027490,270779234 7687,50,1968531550,1799657730,205752504 7688,50,2591321070,2577821470,265319598 7689,50,2314456190,1902770490,204281335 7690,50,2373144470,1917249840,203998812 7691,50,2587238660,2579453810,301743194 7692,50,2926201540,227041070,277532785 7693,50,3182035580,2495841460,323050657 7694,50,2604366740,2439107530,225940697 7695,50,2088193190,1384079660,205425229 7696,50,2985185920,2466059510,298979481 7697,50,2265364390,202287090,229917651 7698,50,2072864790,263664550,221503148 7699,50,3210439490,3490578920,315414264 7700,5 0,2274962910,244286010,2070065 7701,50,2071460540,2060519910,208394401 7702,50,156075810,1558791930,171843377 7703,50,1927006210,1763377720,194278036 7704,50,2128161040,246167050,265580536 7705,50,2462585320,2636161990,324797936 7706,50,2453478250,3123198130,366815777 7707,50,2088101150,2406385340,251161041 7708,50,2491295710,3743329310,265530961 7709,50,2000352370,2382174340,203557327 7710,50,2279094710,2614919720,266670629 7711,50,2886282380,269718570,354517521 7712,50,2343384440,1660260050,21639581

27 7713,5 0,199906780,1348764110,18105971 7714,5 0,2505770260,2789651970,31224383 7715,5 0,273931550,2600939360,257793982 7716,5 0,2174972350,250839760,195945296 7717,5 0,2496095460,2558595150,249673031 7718,5 0,1971160980,2227424790,251345885 7719,5 0,176917370,2149294510,212291354 7720,5 0,1956528520,2289892710,27372293 7721,5 0,1772738110,1802053340,211165541 7722,5 0,1979767970,1929724910,222263644 7723,5 0,2280143760,239481430,283840291 7724,5 0,2664244190,2769022710,366831546 7725,5 0,2687471860,2112196180,304549799 7726,5 0,2739178350,214941160,30585681 7727,5 0,2863780490,3330961570,464485419 7728,5 0,3723022220,4412874880,57317699 7729,5 0,3623404940,3704640210,449245185 7730,5 0,3148714750,3210265970,363868614 7731,5 0,5036971480,5466989870,615756353 7732,5 0,3703304690,4594214460,448441288 7733,5 0,3980540570,5498158060,512238038 7734,5 0,3180904710,4210339870,371350865 7735,5 0,3027203270,3745563180,370423742 7736,5 0,4651035350,4054173050,420306667 7737,5 0,4541289250,4337150860,533494036 7738,5 0,4516797250,3927346650,394523945 7739,5 0,4207288580,3470497290,447854056 7740,5 0,3751896610,3863851730,527138843 7741,50,3395124440,2509571030,377759476 7742,50,3539282230,288032880,342808996 7743,50,3326916360,3275236890,457142903 7744,50,4341561790,3212428120,401615479 7745,50,4147152190,3194873780,395122203 7746,50,2491646950,2397973790,29453475 7747,50,2748188240,3252203150,420245037 7748,50,2363027010,252774280,301198213 7749,50,3164845790,3454765390,297654925 7750,50,35418860,3872353240,420710092 7751,5 0,3167812580,3167896330,37105824 7752,5 0,3239181880,3600677630,463168101 7753,5 0,3808466160,3789894920,437605476 7754,5 0,3235413170,3097207140,368654118 7755,5 0,3087768040,3913634370,420315015 7756,5 0,3264263870,3687030510,416604408 7757,5 0,2872953640,3126403520,359452917 7758,5 0,3537268660,3630781460,339127926 7759,5 0,4437421240,4720250110,48323645 7760,5 0,4123636370,4660991840,526843922 7761,5 0,3275028750,375015730,388892782 7762,5 0,5027166620,486224870,656150023 7763,5 0,4126209210,4080166630,456649226 7764,5 0,4589278860,5259756620,514882889 7765,5 0,3313106740,3635296050,380818253 7766,5 0,4024358990,4042757860,552980725 7767,5 0,408704230,4030364090,49251365 7768,5 0,4414705040,381656710,48358613

28 7769,5 0,3566888390,3604099580,474069381 7770,5 0,4619664810,6057088370,670308797 7771,5 0,387626750,5903805410,493346992 7772,5 0,4011566620,5445278450,513097956 7773,5 0,479794930,6092937950,726222243 7774,5 0,441841430,4551998480,547130573 7775,5 0,4591200510,5184883730,715156462 7776,5 0,2363917310,2985097860,353564737 7777,5 0,3407612790,3958587790,507520854 7778,5 0,4200998590,5004179490,586977159 7779,5 0,4355475350,4745430930,586887879 7780,5 0,3915922530,4214682520,484142236 7781,5 0,5508095760,6367545180,771651666 7782,5 0,4512103320,5193796520,575156234 7783,5 0,3861900880,4149044010,467166346 7784,5 0,4697873580,496386550,56186237 7785,5 0,5396783810,5318395480,603943753 7786,5 0,4823608460,4509314420,540651205 7787,5 0,5035524260,5020694860,511471302 7788,5 0,4499058030,4890998660,546801468 7789,5 0,4427690630,418312850,453925619 7790,5 0,5070073460,5451779780,770681805 7791,5 0,6464771690,5317425830,584735718 7792,5 0,6547977650,6729940,627756516 7793,5 0,7010511740,6074559090,562272209 7794,5 0,6056827890,5692547350,769518996 7795,5 0,9714270220,8526264192,065748247 7796,5 1,0590322790,840853061,368049707 7797,5 0,8835651180,7880352221,216568703 7798,50,5785152950,5317065560,650729976 7799,50,8198530180,7426527320,927508059 7800,50,5668638310,551245560,620441564 7801,50,7850701120,7510253840,83069784 7802,51,0082910850,7577633850,978418701 7803,51,1890055441,0299476431,150014722 7804,51,1648306380,9211086191,063549761 7805,51,0629333981,21292851,554835944 7806,51,2692627311,4343991191,618341137 7807,51,4244923891,4226514411,48124037 7808,51,0630231831,1145703341,702578619 7809,51,1578115391,1693922741,74961239 7810,51,1173964551,1021095481,996244511 7811,51,2468181681,1669196581,112565966 7812,51,3032424581,1691193111,428239724 7813,50,9481555550,9436903661,119629694 7814,51,1304647381,1686122311,931150676 7815,51,0614147741,0794494221,402216519 7816,51,6940649411,696717582,494637401 7817,50,7121193450,6717669241,005735128 7818,51,0539272571,134597941,554796153 7819,50,9592508410,9271605961,308689934 7820,50,8921099870,8387714291,174036652 7821,51,2478184381,4459030172,428042477 7822,50,9033705810,9941967941,459564674 7823,51,4268929691,6136548512,305124963 7824,50,7773853590,8888353291,151339242 7825,50,8209864860,9005355491,142335448

29 7826,5 1,4808114051,5305576142,015544629 7827,5 0,9891558021,2608213221,224626615 7828,5 1,0289270831,148786241,082007812 7829,5 1,2893230571,313683211,745588084 7830,5 1,6871566211,9004053243,07404311 7831,5 1,0643823091,2118746271,600203397 7832,5 1,1652265721,282562751,707503247 7833,5 1,2364348331,1072814181,117266057 7834,5 2,0632068482,012392092,465078972 7835,5 1,6239602781,466549351,787595409 7836,5 1,5892229121,6176529321,890644039 7837,5 2,4869118042,7146319483,530055606 7838,5 1,6124687331,4701674621,914141538 7839,5 2,5509276552,6818727412,755467046 7840,5 1,9950800982,0574142552,018237396 7841,5 1,0805641511,1384915011,143796389 7842,5 1,0318167391,1397046541,046712201 7843,5 1,3026552251,1813420921,360210759 7844,5 0,9883267450,9164541931,166053478 7845,5 1,2923108441,043697621,47785514 7846,5 1,1364876490,7927818670,923726731 7847,5 1,3016642050,9984240051,243690565 7848,5 1,1088716031,0149401521,183944073 7849,5 0,9307326770,6017534310,68584596 7850,5 1,0886900230,6387797960,739593096 7851,5 0,7651356610,6404379060,703659744 7852,5 1,195195781,2188964121,241162871 7853,5 1,0791961051,1527298841,019406278 7854,5 1,4020216341,5100039491,464378694 7855,5 0,8131732340,9854379640,898598017 7856,51,4782955091,6235083922,066202128 7857,50,933786480,9184568991,047456177 7858,50,8221506550,8641721950,847944697 7859,51,0710620441,1201360041,139756453 7860,51,4317147211,2293695961,328816381 7861,50,9505092770,8461545550,912991465 7862,51,3160994761,1630384631,18684507 7863,51,394570831,2229800651,245112823 7864,51,3321842731,2787983491,3938035 7865,51,0550525231,0766950861,111705827 7866,51,1219396631,0000477831,013462542 7867,51,1249258661,0744056321,108230887 7868,51,2575429211,1768321881,090700593 7869,50,9354652160,7954279120,795671672 7870,50,9368628730,9003660120,924809152 7871,51,2138191511,0544660550,981434279 7872,51,2547891481,1317180961,061258483 7873,51,0108518590,859335930,788498283 7874,50,8767750930,9598366330,9866755 7875,50,8514036980,8845145120,713234989 7876,50,891191261,0260569380,876211198 7877,51,0514557781,0865092970,916581138 7878,50,9879058991,0179110731,034068529 7879,50,7652331150,7402274030,666913574 7880,50,9012724490,7837614750,824143722 7881,50,8142530350,7668665490,800734552 7882,50,6827976180,6483989970,634585735 7883,50,951556850,8199970370,821022748 7884,50,7785782540,7726395490,873537728 7885,50,8404774130,7517242720,767810645

30 7886,5 0,7993167190,6731502570,671201581 7887,5 0,9276446190,8260034250,893462257 7888,5 0,6631860980,6352800060,667659262 7889,5 0,9011209880,770129840,774440244 7890,5 0,813472790,7281243570,820799869 7891,5 0,5761471220,4269578230,550157333 7892,5 0,9534146750,8897939451,030550568 7893,5 0,7389508110,8624853660,936347181 7894,5 0,7287350170,8209568730,80914403 7895,5 0,8184591470,8084732720,935493935 7896,5 0,8135431690,7962966340,922138111 7897,5 0,7863609350,7236279540,738139213 7898,5 0,7298869050,5736354050,706275681 7899,5 0,867127670,8983691330,925050868 7900,5 0,7444842370,6474340440,651345102 7901,5 0,8469319680,8479460330,869136073 7902,5 0,7722142550,596969250,569896147 7903,5 0,8897828370,77798790,878805554 7904,5 0,9327438271,049101040,89794871 7905,5 0,991007051,0305188290,960709799 7906,5 0,9013111140,7253114530,757258046 7907,5 0,9238142460,8169519350,877352442 7908,5 0,9431521890,7018298940,812095193 7909,5 0,9667744250,9259863740,99127171 7910,5 0,8328518830,9445076111,024018044 7911,5 0,6678074660,7245283910,754546707 7912,5 0,7502838390,795379510,850896462 7913,5 0,9889028741,0018014041,197874843 7914,50,7839577590,7870396790,940162166 7915,51,0306909160,9292137941,110041423 7916,50,7882721140,761444690,829637468 7917,50,9218056150,9614568270,999595313 7918,50,8652255970,763520050,760702943 7919,51,1317227831,0800828891,217951202 7920,50,9213104340,9041229871,008960044 7921,51,3332488741,3786983991,474111616 7922,51,1672916121,1775441831,360862331 7923,50,945573990,9815819411,060932636 7924,50,9791026040,9641600190,989007554 7925,51,1173915111,1590580551,170053055 7926,51,3512089181,555069951,651064053 7927,50,9070253260,9885026341,004042644 7928,51,8603033881,9231316912,119920137 7929,51,4335349011,3861096151,380610772 7930,51,3847010211,3703420451,44498111 7931,51,3628443441,4438200761,626139772 7932,51,0837269321,0578013971,260166517 7933,51,5705110671,6107186871,839052349 7934,50,8190841770,7775851710,819867963 7935,51,2383166191,2521372951,570335598 7936,50,937222160,8694133081,073905002 7937,51,474599051,4114980611,745727921 7938,51,1686192821,0627838461,529810856 7939,50,7796039820,6821508350,939276687 7940,51,4094320131,8315500552,044379633 7941,51,7185843661,5812590011,567558067

31 7942,5 1,7204557941,8933710271,98918038 7943,5 1,0094143440,9435174551,090030892 7944,5 1,1327579751,3347944851,473190811 7945,5 1,5606075481,6303553212,093201334 7946,5 1,3831373071,3385027291,512015463 7947,5 1,6078689441,9381171052,241185824 7948,5 1,7185456392,0949670362,666020706 7949,5 1,095708781,0465299241,199995087 7950,5 1,5456042791,5663727941,97114582 7951,5 1,493794981,5399859911,643484538 7952,5 1,1338426271,0794136741,159591424 7953,5 1,4280307671,6966942341,961039236 7954,5 1,8672949432,2745159662,70171686 7955,5 1,2638638521,3447155341,742133634 7956,5 1,6456888041,5561741061,948427369 7957,5 1,9767259861,7808232762,305806364 7958,5 1,6003185431,4502421351,937739436 7959,5 0,9424222170,9973679371,036686435 7960,5 1,3393946271,2622719591,615037524 7961,5 1,777200912,0006154342,540263326 7962,5 1,3141755491,4854094081,764219726 7963,5 1,4338538271,6386127171,843701217 7964,5 1,1531619711,2729725771,439214235 7965,5 1,5917374961,5636243171,711537144 7966,5 1,8089069061,7221832141,958484814 7967,5 1,5949050921,7380905381,860424053 7968,5 1,7191878781,9345591042,077502468 7969,5 1,9110786442,2778433142,216887452 7970,51,5972231891,7558537691,9184168647971,51,7883094782,1050047882,646327009 7972,51,6775202111,7938476282,017790676 7973,51,5891776611,7550585562,137060972 7974,51,3346454681,3837204851,39393817 7975,51,6408231041,6640693241,858203102 7976,51,6600459751,6697270041,679826649 7977,51,9236276562,1873739442,134598205 7978,51,4363981151,6525695971,779679991 7979,51,8797762742,0617198752,209507761 7980,51,6118401681,8451875091,885996284 7981,52,1314845672,4009943832,312468769 7982,51,6450152231,7984905861,560687461 7983,51,4279525111,8627315881,790675887 7984,51,2520374231,4148447921,378801325 7985,51,7580245781,8425555571,994904662 7986,51,6616109821,8511683151,83906308 7987,51,9221319952,0215992461,841368963 7988,51,4891863211,413695371,488727361 7989,51,8851357132,2466558532,262599475 7990,51,6076680821,8219627372,026456183 7991,51,3875248951,4232625711,61916051 7992,51,6741185311,8571658952,197216703 7993,51,2230279611,2970171231,245831863 7994,52,1566799792,4371288342,559616345 7995,51,81416511,7157486231,972623667 7996,51,4129660321,5848771461,858856175

32 7997,5 1,3967794891,3222997621,506091787 7998,5 1,5312762561,5240073141,731322634 7999,5 1,6034747311,460796081,533556841 8000,5 1,3681447331,4765976041,527718018 8001,5 1,6825345261,8259049461,737556003 8002,5 2,1659989922,3552608232,682196926 8003,5 2,2355549682,7827035752,829408715 8004,5 1,8747508341,8720632761,945294563 8005,5 1,2742151411,2306626871,388025456 8006,5 1,2668273641,2646644831,385606995 8007,5 1,406566941,3750630811,464125261 8008,5 1,549142751,7792016951,987937723 8009,5 0,8160677290,9296774010,942768058 8010,5 1,1017928351,0539992411,167634058 8011,5 1,2216477421,3693424421,496551823 8012,5 1,231533511,3042051381,436883552 8013,5 1,4749982111,5288053631,624111854 8014,5 1,219652181,1739035051,290671384 8015,5 1,5091969281,5242031521,534943833 8016,5 1,5901678281,7271321021,774710593 8017,5 1,4749409691,593973951,682150465 8018,5 1,3985459811,5396181771,599331458 8019,5 1,0997102991,2016830821,126573759 8020,5 1,1838602141,2450888261,26677567 8021,5 1,2806500561,2770557791,343278277 8022,5 1,0684548881,0360368331,103879166 8023,5 1,1112030651,1992597151,171143761 8024,5 1,2799832341,3743628781,275593467 8025,50,9973494891,0617585891,063018458 8026,51,2925731481,4416139961,587852509 8027,51,1086052591,131743661,213493239 8028,51,1928627371,137289651,285040971 8029,50,9817735060,9543680471,201904443 8030,51,0687933041,13607891,40122672 8031,51,3285283961,3414900361,309031407 8032,51,3261084431,3301787451,327848811 8033,51,018443591,1329074621,033790952 8034,50,9329954080,7986680540,761194492 8035,51,2062368241,1342001541,258338132 8036,50,966420680,8462978390,905628721 8037,51,0362435480,9323892050,990196523 8038,51,0790574741,090963731,1097024 8039,51,0298799811,1377152311,309032115 8040,51,1555655141,3339853561,587980868 8041,51,2581985111,2398008441,285096508 8042,51,0727688431,0621690330,962653831 8043,51,0783990951,2438871941,338029361 8044,51,0808918870,8737938470,921412558 8045,51,4530509151,0539932121,098777326 8046,51,083853550,6416684060,752050717 8047,51,0065113920,8725697860,874807364 8048,50,7613873570,8192931980,802495714 8049,50,8113813350,7887958670,792485445 8050,50,7618394670,7947367190,819517273 8051,5 0,8622543440,8777737090,902205553

33 8052,5 0,7229383690,7646272940,817793792 8053,5 0,7502836790,8191506240,792177875 8054,5 0,9352434890,8411824830,785465023 8055,5 0,8976882050,8936349450,880710171 8056,5 0,7156751290,631538290,703307219 8057,5 0,7135645690,713500790,787222151 8058,5 0,7670845930,7453185070,792585408 8059,5 0,6621096260,6605885830,686773407 8060,5 0,9987372971,0619006441,193541952 8061,5 0,6908502850,7296310720,777515162 8062,5 0,6009832640,5467369690,608866629 8063,5 0,7955379280,7405812940,880330216 8064,5 0,6609180310,6203699050,71098182 8065,5 0,7409241680,82477840,964865879 8066,5 0,651924920,7720588390,786681075 8067,5 0,4705760550,6455649110,628851389 8068,5 0,520085490,600976570,610406276 8069,5 0,5209447990,5302560660,542398496 8070,5 0,4856611120,4949497310,533768262 8071,5 0,4907853320,5902396730,604451206 8072,5 0,6607747780,7346422770,664060114 8073,5 0,5625337880,5521711960,544284528 8074,5 0,6132994160,5868139540,536229354 8075,5 0,5697752920,4556444870,454751184 8076,5 0,7065953170,7150937860,680129136 8077,5 0,5109697570,5746417720,592061962 8078,5 0,6383089240,631904490,695312824 8079,5 0,4690987490,4559085090,524455301 8080,50,5090517680,5365246190,6162968748081,50,5052205150,5306668680,487517856 8082,50,3830815090,4324867720,382412414 8083,50,5059160520,5847077280,753989016 8084,50,4296459540,3622795870,428901318 8085,50,356128420,3587057140,354311333 8086,50,4301652770,4243160350,404501433 8087,50,6767083150,7304715860,809180473 8088,50,5582848020,6086454360,653304182 8089,50,5349490550,5311154440,565733153 8090,50,5048281670,6093008080,717092736 8091,50,564626380,647677970,794067427 8092,50,6151806950,6725633090,80950416 8093,50,6221213510,8173868170,976367947 8094,50,4447388970,5276595920,568742396 8095,50,4718401390,5193504770,476072946 8096,50,4452824910,4837503430,420254969 8097,50,458932090,4279989680,447976301 8098,50,3838578290,3553875680,426359294 8099,50,4140930440,3948136350,500652809 8100,50,4728504770,4633401950,399785401 8101,50,6340653660,6072345740,578326543 8102,50,5938604910,4527621150,38081344 8103,50,4682757120,5113364560,463590951 8104,50,535987120,6109375170,517636627 8105,50,4664464870,4648264840,526564019 8106,50,357560880,2763349330,32682386 8107,50,4607897980,5178996120,497864762

34 8108,5 0,3563834360,3848990490,471452181 8109,5 0,7173001140,7317833160,750956861 8110,5 0,6234302920,5385611520,622886333 8111,5 0,4455917170,3219985290,326437827 8112,5 0,4620871560,3736172650,367721938 8113,5 0,385537820,3130413770,330435789 8114,5 0,386463180,3722987710,380834168 8115,5 0,3547824750,3465031060,359284851 8116,5 0,2865682730,25906830,263307374 8117,2 0,1376281090,1390289250,111496834

35 Å161 K131 K99 K 8554.7710.4325586140.3705638040.3287328 8555.51.8086074151.4619272071.207325726 8556.51.7101861541.6031731811.53700823 8557.51.3196036731.3496606140.906977395 8558.52.3313572662.8181575852.231938143 8559.51.9676296721.9715691081.515447146 8560.51.8244979872.4487160911.838456145 8561.52.1266711462.9204676082.438811623 8562.51.7195700231.498042491.350030706 8563.52.0094141731.6776564831.24337067 8564.51.7067371841.4704768821.424738113 8565.52.3579795252.0144904972.138300433 8566.52.2838609942.1931549832.173567369 8567.51.793100951.7286297531.792747391 8568.51.769050191.7769460511.562506595 8569.52.6085303372.328096052.258288026 8570.53.5357058593.5251560063.562189637 8571.52.0460321462.0893618251.889094935 8572.52.8068661152.7691525112.403142563 8573.52.2700335042.0549040821.976009422 8574.52.6683424022.2075868482.112574461 8575.53.5408061192.9879723172.946595504 8576.53.5893553623.1388332662.851029398 8577.52.4044275912.2621716142.187039421 8578.53.801377444.0474981153.762531359 8579.53.0757814642.6387451851.952292817 8580.53.6560916423.5867470543.533361601 8581.53.5219251473.6380029253.808195888 8582.53.574376523.709999223.793014994 8583.52.8673382663.0498178522.526760136 8584.53.1729535473.5229641072.853440192 8585.54.1907543134.4192453594.320663171 8586.52.1916542432.2094293422.382888344 8587.52.8425596693.2634549053.815133278 8588.52.876050332.908468892.828055321 8589.52.3233291152.4202106412.879429009 8590.54.462606915.1546340397.921701516 8591.54.9575291025.6397211196.365930216 8592.54.8345094935.5259054195.13062235 8593.53.2656226693.8093926863.555006783 8594.52.9203603192.814770882.722264889 8595.53.782470714.3600430073.343179795 8596.53.3936392553.4770479783.123882948 8597.53.8836867623.8306446684.048241613 8598.54.0282027833.9943842853.864747591 8599.54.3532895384.7433468514.344216586 8600.55.3475448845.2341140815.155961311 8601.53.4501461353.2056135663.158279688 8602.55.4462518855.9461666154.11246455 8603.55.9438205975.7034692534.654475085 8604.55.3074098554.6741364253.871213823 861 nm band

36 8605.54.9382592094.8047235943.823348936 8606.54.2928788544.6210380833.644636498 8607.54.347320735.098816053.806994237 8608.54.9379302435.6074434224.436762085 8609.55.2835081255.9345776354.607807164 8610.54.5839907365.7698308415.086631288 8611.55.2370808025.3041930044.553371346 8612.54.8317331854.8699451275.061646826 8613.55.9197795036.151982296.709453301 8614.58.1384080159.0152482238.739010145 8615.54.4135014474.7015469225.285194618 8616.55.466013775.9731499096.203624727 8617.55.9167435354.7648128394.820634521 8618.55.8737807597.8042050067.748492023 8619.57.4156370518.8613628058.44601492 8620.56.8494133887.7721562777.081581809 8621.56.1361025666.2080073686.137834703 8622.55.0441969126.0667046826.674369934 8623.55.6774765016.3785504457.606516219 8624.56.7524853087.7201398828.154247921 8625.56.1830835426.5369651687.413425437 8626.55.6947886416.6251229656.381078158 8627.54.7471341997.7111704926.400128169 8628.55.0676398836.8426479247.140187879 8629.55.1187194836.9712547388.336906653 8630.54.9513084198.2523928535.960759007 8631.57.8007794119.0783726237.00207823 8632.57.5149336148.2240249699.533168482 8633.56.6418519897.228343826.170708092 8634.55.8211435084.7323216135.050612987 8635.55.5969170295.99235089110.40692612 8636.59.22837544610.0180408315.3009287 8637.59.21249873210.2859264811.89743505 8638.56.52434440110.230416249.30284429 8639.54.4859622537.3568095147.866241527 8640.54.9930685875.7469624996.661653163 8641.57.3533707485.41476965615.13266155 8642.56.10048980610.9175215113.63022811 8643.53.6173302848.8230261196.259741434 8644.53.5277171264.3544920195.690749912 8645.55.4734775594.3399486768.24596005 8646.56.2169575447.1179800968.485663704 8647.56.4720008747.6193568518.91953458 8648.55.3699946476.9737961347.02370773 8649.53.8190057436.8444844486.825875702 8650.54.3070301794.8113635376.62287829 8651.57.9053976084.28112095810.36167394 8652.59.999558649.29551698712.28754287 8653.57.15814375914.7764570118.5839755 8654.56.59775569810.5282660416.69672748 8655.55.9921727779.418011258.386610547 8656.54.3475451746.3055406446.48297826

37 8657.52.9521296985.1362376763.93860791 8658.53.8867746633.2453794655.477040566 8659.54.2990116733.9904128245.964737237 8660.55.7832608755.4636940257.627773214 8661.55.0227387677.1324184797.809748105 8662.57.2079371718.2758845959.880347103 8663.55.51754554210.644381417.168110016 8664.54.9657105867.043260988.251574748 8665.54.9177581846.8579027939.803370244 8666.54.9359181466.3798826149.464059689 8667.55.4926580625.9294406049.044175763 8668.55.5966058356.6755123178.197805386 8669.54.6255492865.7675626216.902268453 8672.53.1234874835.7471821839.389465777 8673.55.9278447787.8055317649.932914198 8674.53.6613791478.968895444.071951054 8675.54.9650625034.3469724523.417868961 8676.55.6800918374.3854679224.137595114 8677.54.3950127174.0353123036.208318321 8678.53.3668782464.7399163727.78807835 8679.52.6160539515.9388464787.391092127 8680.53.4596296854.9384905125.061512008 8681.54.9388293953.2737319654.279485928 8682.56.5056894922.634989563.09589651 8683.53.9929617062.3293239364.913028502 8684.52.4652123024.319444519.623266693 8685.53.6192088167.5161278525.700595654 8686.53.6089802073.973210894.497704177 8687.53.0437287022.7961465715.67842992 8688.51.6179732543.8654879364.642193478 8689.53.1047816573.9910911983.129308189 8690.53.0116672353.1378477971.547958088 8691.52.9337653811.5874335233.466086511 8692.53.5141929583.4326194783.795808064 8693.53.0704430414.1158969823.069278919 8694.52.8784191913.7397866213.458185941 8695.52.3958458793.8925165654.201862789 8696.52.0083674863.3347982782.435250724 8697.53.1208116942.4666654842.64844748 8698.53.8307233143.044298022.093774572 8699.53.6859135692.5236820912.544232326 8700.52.3500469112.7508962932.672947541 8701.52.4911590162.7776549442.786934728 8702.52.7744021783.3000453841.722171033 8703.52.2264075022.3366833171.863778133 8704.53.7740773222.301762682.257411812 8705.52.5502717212.3084345991.865910942 8706.52.4453728271.9110829992.707259245 8707.52.3566132663.2385890742.147100186 8708.53.8957760492.2229947371.991185439 8709.52.1529447052.1331597261.658587064 8709.52.1617076772.0472445331.887938439 8710.51.8103472892.0508023541.949817984 8710.51.815970272.3114085771.779251029


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