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Published byEgbert Ford Modified over 8 years ago
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CLASS 13
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Approach 3: Beyond ‘g’
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Spearman says g underlies all intelligence But we all know someone who….. Most people think and some researchers agree that: Intelligence is more than ‘g’
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Statistical Paradox ? Everyone believes that some people are more intelligent than others But everyone believes that they are above average Statisticians say impossible !
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Psychologists say no paradox Dunning solves the paradox: Our personal definitions ensure that we are above average What other definitions have a legitimate basis?
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Gardner’s multiple intelligences TRADITIONAL Logical-mathematical Linguistic (verbal) Spatial (geometric) Inter-personal (social) CONTROVERSIAL Intra-personal Musical Kinesthetic Naturalist Spiritua l
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Gardner’s latest Replaced Spiritual intelligence with: Existential intelligence Moral intelligence
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Here are some recent nominees: Which type of intelligence does each have?
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Albert Einstein Logical- mathematical intelligence
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Oprah Winfrey Interpersonal intelligence
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Gary Kasparov Spatial intelligence
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Eminem Linguistic intelligence
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Sigmund Freud Intra-personal Intelligence
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Patrick Kane Kinesthetic intelligence
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Mahatma Ghandi Spiritual intelligence
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David Suzuki Naturalist intelligence
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But where is creativity? Suggestions for other intelligences?
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Critique of Gardner’s approach Much subjective opinion Many of the intelligences are too vague to be measured objectively Without measures, no practical value yet IN HIS DEFENSE: used multiple sources CYNICAL VIEW: everyone needs to feel intelligent and Gardner just wants to make us all happy
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Empirical components
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Spearman (1 = g) Wechsler (2) Cattell (2) Thurstone (7) Guilford (120)
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Scholastic aptitude Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) – 3 subscales (math, reading, writing) Graduate Record Exam (GRE) -- 3 LSAT, MCAT, GMAT (2-3 subscales)
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Sex differences? Have diminished over time Some remain – even on GREs Writing ability favors females (recent addition) Spatial rotation favors males
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Why sex differences? Nature: Brain differences ? Nurture: sex roles ?
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e.g. spatial ability
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Sex differences in g No sex differences on Stanford-Binet Coincidence ?
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Summary Several empirical components are reliably distinguished Many conceptual intelligences not yet measured Traditional sex differences are diminishing but some still evident
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Emotional Intelligence
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Being good at perceiving, understanding, and expressing emotions More important than IQ? But how to measure? One approach is to test ability to judge emotions accurately.
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Q: What emotion? A: Sadness, as judged by the person who made the drawing
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Q: what emotion? A: grief: -as judged by consensus based on context
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A: Surprise -- based on instructions to pose.
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Q: What emotion? A: the joy of using Play Station 3, as judged by the manufacturer.
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Critique of EQ Difficult to evaluate emotion accuracy Self-reports are dubious Is emotional intelligence something else?
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