1. Architectural Design of Large Hotel and Energy Used for Internal Space Thermal Control by Dr Bin Su School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture UNITEC, Auckland, New Zealand.

2. Background According to the previous energy surveys, large hotels are the big energy users. Comparatively the energy for space thermal control is more closely related to the building design. Studies both in New Zealand and internationally have suggested that the best place to consider building energy efficiency is during the design of the building, not when the building has been completed and is in operation.

3. It is difficult to get the energy consumption data only related to space thermal control in the large hotels. It is difficult and expensive to install the metres on the existing the central air-conditioning system to record the energy data only related to the space thermal control in the large hotels. Difficulties

4. Energy used for space heating and cooling can be approximately estimated through the following data: Monthly or weekly electricity and gas consumption data of a central air-conditioning system Monthly or weekly occupation rate related to the period of energy consumption data Building design data

5. Sample 1 of relationships between energy consumption for space thermal control and large hotel building designs

6. Sample 2 of relationships between energy consumption for space thermal control and large hotel building designs

7. Sample 3 of relationships between energy consumption for space thermal control and large hotel building designs

8. Sample 4 of relationships between energy consumption for space thermal control and large hotel building designs

9. Conclusions There are clear relationships between the energy used for space thermal control and building design and the relationships follow the trends. In Auckland the energy used for heating is major portion of the energy used for space thermal control, hotel building design should more focus on saving space heating energy. Architects should take a greater responsibility and leadership for hotel energy efficiency especially for the energy used for the internal space thermal control.

10. Thank You