1. Benjamin, Horkheimer/Adorno, Hedbidge

3. The Work of Art In the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, 1936 Walter Benjamin

4. Middle Ages engraving and etching the wood cut; beginning of the nineteenth century lithography, the illustrated newspaper, photography; Around 1900 technical reproduction reproducibility works of art causing profound change in their impact upon the public Benjamin, 1235

5. 2009, Google Espresso Kiosk

6. the aura

7. Hannah Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919 collage of pasted papers, 90 x 144 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali Un Chien Andalou, 1929 silent film 16 minutes

8. "The camera introduces us to unconscious optics as does psychoanalysis to unconscious impulses" Benjamin, 1239

9. "...instead of dropping seeds from airplanes, it drops incendiary bombs..." Benjamin, 1240

10. The Culture Industry as Mass Deception, 1944 Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno

11. "Those who are so absorbed by the world of the movie - by its images, gestures, and words - that they are unable to supply what really makes it a world, do not have to dwell on particular points of its mechanics during a screening." Horkheimer and Adorno, p1244

12. "... they react automatically." p1244

13. "...Style represents a promise in every work of art....that it will create truth by lending new shape to the conventional social forms... [this promise] is as necessary as it is hypocritical" Horkheimer and Adorno, p1245

14. "Instead of exposing itself to this failure in which the style of the great work of art has always achieved self-negation, the inferior work has always relied on its similarity with others - on a surrogate identity. " Horkheimer and Adorno, p1245

16. Subculture: The Meaning of Style, 1979 Dick Hebdige

17. "Nevertheless, I was sure that this puny and most humble object would hold its own against them; by its mere presence it would be able to exasperate all the police in the world; it would draw upon itself contempt, hatred, white and dumb rages." The Thief's Journal, Jean Genet, p14

18. action | reaction culture | subculture signifier | signified

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNC sNArpQ2w