1. Chapter 7 Muscular System

2. Learning Outcomes Describe the muscular system.
Describe the three basic types of muscle tissue.
Explain the primary functions of muscles.
Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce medical words.

3. Learning Outcomes
Describe diagnostic and laboratory tests related to the muscular system.

4. Anatomy and Physiology Overview
The muscular system is composed of all the muscles in the body and works in coordination with the skeletal and nervous systems.
Muscles
Provide the mechanism for movement of the body.
Produce heat.
Help maintain posture and stability.

5. Anatomy and Physiology Overview
Muscles make up approximately 42% of body weight.
Muscles are composed of long, slender cells known as fibers.
Each muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue and enclosed in a fibrous sheath or fascia.

6. Figure 7.2 Types of muscle tissue.

8. Types of Muscles Cardiac muscle
Muscle of the heart (myocardium) is involuntary but striated in appearance.
Under control of the autonomic nervous system.
Has specialized neuromuscular tissue located within the right atrium.

9. Types of Muscles Cardiac muscle
Contraction can occur even without an initial nervous input because of pacemaker cells.
Cardiac muscle cells rely on an ample blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide.

10. Types of Muscles Smooth muscle
Also called involuntary, visceral, or unstriated.
Not controlled by the conscious part of the brain.
Under the control of the autonomic nervous system.
Includes muscles of internal organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract plus certain muscles of the eye and skin.

11. TABLE 7.1 Muscular System at-a-Glance11

12. Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscle
Also known as voluntary or striated muscle.
Controlled by the conscious part of the brain and attaches to the bones.
Has a cross-striped appearance (striated).
Varies in size, shape, arrangement of fibers, and means of attachment to bones.

13. Types of Muscles Muscles have three distinguishable parts:
the body or main portion.
the origin (the more fixed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone).
the insertion (the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves).

14. Muscle Names
Muscle location
Muscle size
Muscle purpose
Muscle shape

15.
Figure 7.3 Selected skeletal muscles and the Achilles tendon (anterior and posterior view).

16. Anatomy and Physiology Overview
Each fiber within a muscle receives its own nerve impulses and has its own stored supply of glycogen as fuel for energy.
Blood and lymphatic vessels in muscle tissue supply nutrition and oxygen to muscles.

17. Figure 7.1 Skeletal muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue. It is enclosed in a fibrous sheath (fascia).

18. Ligament – B2B
Tendon – M2B

19. Functions of the Musculoskeletal System
Tendons- Attach muscles to bones
Ligaments – ligament/o Bands of connective tissue that connect bones, cartilages and other structures

20. Types of Muscles Means of attachment for skeletal muscle:
Tendon (a band of connective tissue, varies in length from less than 1 inch to more than 1 foot)
Aponeurosis (a wide, thin, sheetlike tendon)

21. Types of Muscles Muscles and nerves function together as a motor unit.
Skeletal muscles perform in groups and are classified as follows:
Prime mover/agonist is the prime muscle working in a particular exercise or movement. It’s this muscle that creates an action.
Antagonist is the muscle that’s directly opposing the agonist muscle. As the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes.
Synergist – is working together (aka, stablizers)

23. Pg 178
Agon/o
Agony, a contest
Path/o
Disease
Amputat/o
To cut through
Prosth/e
An addition
Brach/I
Arm
Rhabd/o
Rod
Cleid/o
Clavicle
Rotat/o
To turn
Clon/o
Turmoil
Sarc/o
Flesh
Ducto/o
To lead
Stern/o
Sternum
Dermat/o
Skin
Synov/o
Synovial
Fasci/o
A band
Ten/o
Tendon
Fibr/o
Fiber
Therm/o
Hot, Heat
Is/o
Equal
Ton/o
Tone,Tension
Muscul/o
Muscle
Tors/o
Twisted
My/o
Tort/I
Nuero/o
nerve
Volunt/o
Will

24. How many words can we define?
Myoblast
Myorrhapy
Myofibroma
Myosarcoma
Myograph
Myoscelerosis
Myokinesis
Myositis
Myoma
Myotome
Myomalacia
Myotomy
Myoparesis
Neuromyopathic
Myopathy
Muscular Dystrophy
Myoplasty