1. PEST Analysis & Porter’s Five Forces Model

2. PEST ANALYSIS The general environment of an organizations consists of the external conditions that set the context for managerial decision making. Four major environmental forces: P olitical E conomic S ocio-cultural T echnological

3. Political Conditions  Proposed laws, regulations and government policies all influence the ways businesses enter & operate in various markets. Political Conditions effect:  Corporate tax rates  Sales tax  Minimum wage & labour laws  Environmental waste  Food & drug safety controls

4. Economic Conditions Economic conditions influence consumer spending, resource supplies and investment capital. Economic Conditions effect:  Unemployment rate & job outlook  Financial markets (consumer investments in stocks)  Inflation effect on consumer spending  Exchange rate - supplier purchasing  Exchange rate - consumer purchasing

5. Socio-Cultural Conditions  The norms, customs and social values on ethics, human rights, gender roles & lifestyle Socio-Cultural Conditions Effect:  Desire for ‘green’ products  Ethical production  Pressure to be socially responsible  Healthy-living preferences

6. Technological Conditions Technological conditions are driving consumer buying decisions, social interactions and are giving businesses an unprecedented amount of consumer data. Technological Conditions effect:  Web access decreasing worker productivity  Mobile workforces  Informed purchasing decisions (ie. product reviews, company profiles)  Consumer buying habits  Marketing strategies  Consumer Behaviour research & data collection

7. Porter’s Five Forces Model Five major forces guide managers in making strategic choices to strengthen their company within an industry. 1. Industry Competition – the way companies within the same industry compete with one another 2. New Entrants – threat of new competitors entering the market 3. Substitute Products or Services – competitors offering substitute products (often at a lower prices) 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers – the ability of resource suppliers to influence the price that a company has to pay for their products/services 5. Bargaining Power of Customers – the ability of customers to influence the price that they will pay for the firm’s products or services.

8. Coca-Cola & Porter’s Five Forces Model In the competitive industry, does Coca-Cola face threats from new entrants in the beverage industry?

9. Coca-Cola & Porter’s Five Forces Model In the competitive industry, does Coca-Cola face threats from companies offering substitute products? http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thrillist/blind-taste- test-ranking_b_4255165.html

10. Coca-Cola & Porter’s Five Forces Model In the competitive industry, do customers have bargaining power in the purchase price of Coca-Cola? The individual buyer no pressure on Coca-Cola Large retailers, like Wal-Mart, have bargaining power because of the large order quantity, but the bargaining power is lessened because of the end consumer brand loyalty.

11. Coca-Cola & Porter’s Five Forces Model In the competitive industry, do suppliers have bargaining power? The main ingredients for soft drinks include: carbonated water phosphoric acid sweetener caffeine The suppliers are not concentrated or differentiated. Coca-Cola is likely a large, or the largest customer of any of these suppliers.

12. Coca-Cola & Porter’s Five Forces Model Does Coca-Cola have a large rivalry with any other beverage company?