1. CHAPTER EIGHT COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND NEGOTIATION

2. Objectives of this chapter Outline the definition and function of collective bargaining Explore the context within which collective bargaining takes place Consider the purpose of collective bargaining Outline the differing structures of collective bargaining Explore the process of negotiation Analyse why collective bargaining can end in conflict

3. Collective bargaining Webb and Webb (1902) One of three methods used by trade unions to preserve and improve benefits for members Also, mutual insurance and legal enactment

4. Collective bargaining Flanders (1968) Cannot draw parallels between individual and collective bargaining Process that involves the joint making of procedural rules Political institution

5. Collective bargaining Chamberlain and Kuhn (1965) Market or economic function Governmental function Decision-making function

6. Two models Conjunctive bargaining Co-operative bargaining

7. Substantive terms Pay Hours of work Holidays Pensions Other benefits

8. Procedural terms Redundancies Other terms – collective Other terms – individual

9. Collective agreements Not legally enforceable Can be incorporated into contract of employment by express or implied incorporation

10. Structure of collective bargaining Scope Units Representation Levels

11. Levels of bargaining Multi-employer Single-employer Workplace bargaining

12. Use of collective bargaining Has declined alongside decline in trade union membership Most common in public sector Not the activity most commonly undertaken by trade union representatives

13. Negotiation Explicit and deliberate event Conducted by representatives Purpose is to reconcile differences Partly dependent on the perceived balance of power in the relationship between the two parties

14. Stages of negotiation Preparation and analysis Presentation Searching for and identifying common ground Concluding the agreement Writing up the agreement

15. Aspiration grid Items for negotiationManagementEmployees IdealRealFallbackFallback RealIdeal Basic rate increase of 2.5%XXXO OX Introduction of productivity bonusXXOX XX Increase in holiday entitlementXOOX XX Changes to parental leaveXOOO OX Retention of no-strike clauseXXXO XX

16. Why does conflict occur? Abuse of power Goal incompatibility External factors No clear decision-maker Unreasonable expectations Psychological contract breached Rogue leaders Management style Subordinate style