1. End Show Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 Cell Transformation Recombinant DNA Host Cell DNA Target gene Modified Host Cell DNA

2. End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Slide 2 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transforming Bacteria A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. Foreign DNA is first joined to a small, circular DNA molecule in bacteria known as a plasmid.

3. End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Slide 3 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transforming Bacteria Recombinant DNA Gene for human growth hormone Human Cell Bacteria cell Bacterial chromosome Plasmid Sticky ends DNA recombination Bacteria cell containing gene for human growth hormone DNA insertion

4. End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Slide 4 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transforming Plant Cells A bacterium exists that produces tumors in plant cells. Researchers can inactivate the tumor gene and insert a piece of foreign DNA into the plasmid. The recombinant plasmid can then be used to infect plant cells.

5. End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Slide 5 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transforming Plant Cells Complete plant generated from transformed cell. Inside plant cell, Agrobacterium inserts part of its DNA into host cell chromosome. Plant cell colonies Transformed bacteria introduce plasmids into plant cells. Agrobacterium tumefaciens Cellular DNA Gene to be transferred Recombinant plasmid

6. End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Slide 6 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transforming Animal Cells DNA can be directly injected into the nucleus of an egg cell. Enzymes insert the foreign DNA into the chromosomes of the injected cell.

7. End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Slide 7 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transforming Animal Cells Recombinant DNA Modified Host Cell DNA Target gene Flanking sequences match host Recombinant DNA replaces target gene

8. End Show Slide 8 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 Plasmids can be used to transform a.bacteria only. b.plant cells only. c.plant, animal, and bacterial cells. d.animal cells only.

9. End Show Slide 9 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 An unknowing pioneer in the concept of cell transformation was a.Luther Burbank. b.Frederick Griffith. c.Oswald Avery. d.James Watson.

10. End Show Slide 10 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 One reason plasmids are useful in cell transformation is that they a.are found in all types of cells. b.prevent gene replication. c.counteract the presence of foreign DNA. d.have genetic markers indicating their presence.

11. End Show Slide 11 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 A common method of determining whether bacteria have taken in a recombinant plasmid is to a.introduce them into plant cells. b.introduce them into animal cells. c.treat them with an antibiotic. d.mix them with other bacteria that do not have the plasmid.

12. End Show Slide 12 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 Successful transformation of an animal or a plant cell involves a.the integration of recombinant DNA into the cell’s chromosome. b.changing the cell’s chromosomes into plasmids. c.treating the cell with antibiotics. d.destroying the cell wall in advance.