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The Industrial Revolution is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories!

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Presentation on theme: "The Industrial Revolution is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories!"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Industrial Revolution is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories!

2 The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the timessocioeconomiccultural Industrialization: a shift from an agricultural (farming) economy to one based on industry (manufacturing)

3 Pre-Industrial Revolution Village life dominated – families were nearly self-sufficient Most villagers were farmers

4 Making Cloth Before Machines Cottage Industry Slow process Business involving people who worked at home

5 Causes of the Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution – improved the quality and quantity of food This led to a surplus of food = fewer people died from hunger = rapid growth in population Rich landowners pushed ahead with enclosure: the process of taking over and consolidating land once shared by peasant farmers New technologies and new sources of energy and materials (e.g., James Watt’s steam engine became a key source of power)

6 Rapid Population Growth Population of Britain in 17506 million Population of Britain in 185121 million Population of London in 1750500,000 Population of London in 18513 million Families in agriculture in 175065% of population Families in agriculture in 185125% of population

7 Industrial Revolution Begins In Great Britain Stable Government No wars Had capital (money) to invest in businesses Had overseas markets (colonial empire) Natural Resources Coal (energy for machines) Iron ore (for tools) Large network of rivers to move products Labor Supply Growing population Ready workforce New Technology Invention and improvement of steam engine

8 The Enclosure Movement The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers Landowners gained: More land for pastures Larger fields for crops Laborers lost: Forced off their lands Moved to growing cities

9 Push Factors: Where did all the people go? Fewer worker needed on the lands Farmers forced off their lands (enclosure) Small owners could not compete Villages shrank Cities grew – and GREW!! Over London by Rail Gustave Doré c. 1870. Shows the densely populated and polluted environments created in the new industrial cities

10 Urbanization: the movement of people to cities Changes in farming, soaring population, and an increase in demand for workers led people to move from farms to the cities to work in factories Small towns near natural resources and cities near factories boomed instantly Urbanization Migration to Cities

11 First Major Industry to Form TEXTILE! Remember the ‘Spinning Jenny’? It reduced the amount of time and work needed to produce yarn (increased productivity)

12 Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers

13 Growth of FACTORIES As demand for cloth grew, inventors came up with new machines (e.g., spinning jenny) To house these new machines, manufacturers built the first factories New machines and factories increased production By the 1850s, factories began to be powered by coal and steam engines

14 Technological and Industrial Revolution James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny Increase speed of how cloth is made Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin Increase how seeds were separated from cotton Increased slavery in the Unite States James Watt: Steam Engine Source of power for machines and transportation Henry Bessemer: Steel Buildings, transportation, and more

15 Introduction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc (3:31) Turning Points in History: Industrial Revolution


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