2. Chapter 16 Section 1 War Erupts

3. First Shots at Fort Sumter Key ? – What did Lincoln do about the forts in Confederate territory? Key ? – What did Lincoln do about the forts in Confederate territory? Fort Sumter – Charleston Harbor – running out of supplies. Fort Sumter – Charleston Harbor – running out of supplies. Lincoln sent supplies – Confederacy (nation formed by the Southern states) attacked the fort before supplies arrived. Lincoln sent supplies – Confederacy (nation formed by the Southern states) attacked the fort before supplies arrived. Robert Anderson surrendered to the Confederates on April 12, 1861. Robert Anderson surrendered to the Confederates on April 12, 1861. Marked the beginning of the Civil War. Marked the beginning of the Civil War.

4. Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Two days after Fort Sumter, Lincoln requested 75,000 militia to serve for 90 days. Two days after Fort Sumter, Lincoln requested 75,000 militia to serve for 90 days. VA, NC, TN, AK joined the Confederacy. VA, NC, TN, AK joined the Confederacy. Confederacy moved capital to Richmond. Confederacy moved capital to Richmond. Better chance of winning because VA was rich and populous. (heavily populated) Better chance of winning because VA was rich and populous. (heavily populated) Home of Robert E. Lee – the South’s greatest general. Home of Robert E. Lee – the South’s greatest general.

5. Choosing Sides Border States – Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri – slave states that bordered states where slavery was illegal. Border States – Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri – slave states that bordered states where slavery was illegal. Location and resources important to both sides – all 4 stayed in the Union. Location and resources important to both sides – all 4 stayed in the Union. During the war, the western counties of VA broke away from the Confederacy and formed the state of WV in 1863. During the war, the western counties of VA broke away from the Confederacy and formed the state of WV in 1863. 24 states in the Union; 11 Confederate. 24 states in the Union; 11 Confederate.

6. Planning Strategies South hoped Britain would help because of cotton exports. Used both defensive and offensive strategy, by invading the North. South hoped Britain would help because of cotton exports. Used both defensive and offensive strategy, by invading the North. North – Anaconda Plan – Winfield Scott –to strangle the South’s economy like a giant snake squeezing its prey. North – Anaconda Plan – Winfield Scott –to strangle the South’s economy like a giant snake squeezing its prey. Naval blockade of South’s coastline. Naval blockade of South’s coastline. Control of the Mississippi River. Control of the Mississippi River. Capturing Richmond, VA Capturing Richmond, VA

7. First Battle of Bull Run Key? – Why was the Union surprised by the outcome of Bull Run? Key? – Why was the Union surprised by the outcome of Bull Run? North wanted to attack Richmond, VA. North wanted to attack Richmond, VA. Must defeat the Confederacy at Manassas, VA first. (near Washington D.C.) Must defeat the Confederacy at Manassas, VA first. (near Washington D.C.) General McDowell (North) marched to Manassas. General McDowell (North) marched to Manassas. Spectators came to watch the war. Spectators came to watch the war. Attacked Confederacy near Bull Run creek. Attacked Confederacy near Bull Run creek.

8. Bull Run General Beauregard (South) were driven back. General Beauregard (South) were driven back. Jackson stopped the Union advance. Jackson stopped the Union advance. “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” Confederates counter attacked with a blood curdling scream (rebel yell). Confederates counter attacked with a blood curdling scream (rebel yell). Union fled and the Confederate victory thrilled the South. Union fled and the Confederate victory thrilled the South.

9. Lessons of Bull Run North 2,700 casualties North 2,700 casualties South 2,000 casualties South 2,000 casualties Fighting would be bloody; not over quickly; and South would fight fiercely. Fighting would be bloody; not over quickly; and South would fight fiercely. Lincoln called for 500,000 volunteers for 3 years. Lincoln called for 500,000 volunteers for 3 years. Appointed George McClellan as Union Commander in the east. Appointed George McClellan as Union Commander in the east.