1. The challenges of globalization. How does this process negatively effect individual identity and culture?

2. Homogenization The process by which cultures become more alike in terms of values, attitudes, beliefs, customs, language, and traditions (Identity) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_26S3KBE04

3. What causes Homogenization?

4. Assimilation The complete absorption of a person or group into the culture of another group. The assimilated community replaces its original cultural identity with that of the dominant group.” ~ Roger Bernard

5. Franco - Albertans Case Study #1

6. In 2006, the Franco-Albertan community included 68,435 people with French as their mother tongue. However, if one looks at people who have French as their daily language of use but not necessarily as their mother tongue, the community totals 66,995 Francophones representing 2.05 percent of the total population of the province.

7. If French is a person’s mother tongue, why isn’t it their daily spoken language??? 1892 : 0 English becomes official language of instruction 0 Francophone students attend bilingual schools 0 Primary grades 1 and 2 taught in French 0 Grades 3 and up have 1 hour of French instruction a day

8. Results….. 0 1991-2001 the Francophone population increased from 60 605- 62 250 for numerous reasons including economic opportunities. 0 However, French Speaking homes decreased from 35%-32%. WHAT ELSE MIGHT HAVE CAUSED THIS DECREASE? HOW HAVE FRANCOPHONE COMMUNITIES FOUGHT BACK?

10. THE BORG 0 Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: First Contact, Star Trek: Voyager 0 The Borg are genetically and cybernetically altered humanoids. They function as a collective made up of thousands of species who have been assimilated ("The Borg Collective"). The Borg collective is similar to an insect hive: there is one queen and the rest are drones who work for the greater good of the collective. Borg drones have no sense of individuality. Instead, they have what has been termed a "hive mind" ("The Borg"); their minds are linked in a "collective unconsciousness via a unique subspace frequency emitted by each drone". The hive mind is "collectively aware"; all Borg drones receive the information acquired by an individual drone. The Borg collective takes its orders from the Borg Queen. 0 Think back to “The Simpson’s” episode…….

11. Marginalization Case Study #2 Inuit and Metis How did they respond?

12. Marginalization 0 The putting of a group of people in a lower or powerless position within society 0 Pushing groups to the fringe of society 0 Poor 0 LGBT 0 First Nations 0 Metis 0 Inuit

13. Inuit and the Arctic 0 Prior to 1850 0 Isolated 0 Little contact with Europeans 0 1850’s to present 0 Discovery of resources 0 Gold (Klondike gold rush) 0 Diamonds 0 Oil and Gas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyXOW OkjYKM&feature=related

14. Inuit 0 1970’s 0 Negotiations for self government begin 0 April 1, 1999 0 Nunavut created 0 Iqaluit as capital city 0 Inuit, Inuktitut, English, French 0 85% of Population Inuit 0 Inuit have rights to: 0 Hunt and Fish on their lands 0 Control their natural resources 0 Entitlements: a share of mineral royalties from: Oil, gas, and mineral developments on crown lands. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=x30lPvBuFA4&fea ture=fvwrel

15. Inuit and Self Government 0 What does it look like? 0 Recognition of the inherent right is based on the view that the Aboriginal peoples of Canada have the right to govern themselves in relation to matters that are internal to their communities, integral to their unique cultures, identities, traditions, languages and institutions, and with respect to their special relationship to their land and their resources”. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7KxDKI 34Gw&feature=related

16. Responses to Challenges of Marginalization 0 Accommodation: making adjustments or reaching compromises to allow for differences. 0 Integration: providing equal opportunity for participation of different groups in society.

17. Accommodation and Integration 0 Canada makes accommodation for 0 Cultures 0 Religions 0 Languages 0 Disabilities 0 Physical 0 Mental 0 Behavioural http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boxTlzVJgk8 http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/rights-freedoms/general-2/quebec-schools-bar- teenagers-from-wearing-the-hijab-in-1994.html http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/crime-justice/mounties-on-duty-a- history-of-the-rcmp/sikh-mounties-permitted-to-wear-turbans.html http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/religion- spirituality/religion-in-the-classroom-1/kirpan-controversy-in-the- classroom.html

18. METIS 0 The Métis are descendants of marriages of Woodland Cree, Ojibway, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to French Canadians, Scots and English, and are one of three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Commonly pronounced /ˈmeɪtiː/ "MAY-tee" or "may-TEE" in English. 0 Their homeland consists of the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, as well as the Northwest Territories. The Métis Homeland also includes parts of the northern United States (specifically Montana, North Dakota, and northwest Minnesota).[ http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=a7DYKA9bA4A&feature= related

19. Metis 0 Evolved as a distinct people in the 18 th and 19 th centuries. 0 Became the dominant group in western Canada until mid 19 th century 0 Pushed further north and west by European settlers

20. Métis 0 1930’s 0 Métis fought for recognition and accommodation. 0 1936 0 Metis allocated 500 000 hectares of land 0 (1 hectare= 2.47 acres) 0 1982 Constitution Act 0 Recognizes Metis as one of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples.