1. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona IS Research Topics Past, Present, Future Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. SDA Bocconi Information Systems Division Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi Nicholas.Romano@SDABocconi.it Spears School of Business Management Science and Information Systems Oklahoma State University – Tulsa Nicholas.Romano@OKState.edu Università degli Studi di Verona Facoltà di Economia

2. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Talk Outline IS what art thou? (Finding ones place in the Discipline) Historical IS Topics 1968-2009

3. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Information Systems Taxonomies Finding ones place in the Discipline Computing Taxonomies

4. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Information Systems Taxonomies Finding ones place in the Discipline Computing in terms of EVERYTHING ELSE

5. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona

6. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona

7. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona

8. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona

9. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona

10. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Figure 1. Information Sciences. (Yuexiao, 1988, p. 488) Philosophy Semiotic Semantics Symbolology Information Theory Cybernitics Systems Theory Broader Linguistics Biological Cybernetics Artificial Intelligence Information Technology Information Sociology Information Economics, Politics, & Law Social Information Psychology Social Information Management Epistomology Cognitive Science Brain Theory Informatics Library Science Documentation Archival Study Museology Journalism Mass Media Study Education InformatologyInformation Science

11. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Taxonomies from industry: The interests of industry are specifically and vitally focused on applications. Practitioners have developed perhaps the best application-focused taxonomies. Such taxonomies characterize user problems for which software solutions are available.

12. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona What is computing? Computing means: any technical activity involving computers. Thus, computing includes: Designing and building hardware and software systems for any of a wide range of purposes; Processing, structuring and managing various kinds of information; Doing scientific studies using computers; Making computer systems behave intelligently; Creating and using communications and entertainment media; Finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast.

13. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Existing Computing Taxonomies The Computing Benchmark The British Computer Society (BCS) taxonomy Computing Disciplines Roger Clarkes Disciplines Boots Cassels union of computing related disciplines

14. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Benchmark The conceptual framework that gives a discipline its coherence and identity; about the intellectual capability and understanding that should be developed, the techniques and skills which are associated with developing an understanding in that discipline; and the level of intellectual demand and challenge which is appropriate to that discipline.

15. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona See: Paul McCullagh - http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/Events/HEADublin2006_V2/presentations/Day%201/Day%201 %20Paul%20McCullagh%201B.ppt HardwareSoftware Computing Benchmark Spectrum Communication and interaction PracticeTheory Device-level issues and fabrication technology Processor architecture Computer architecture and construction Programming languages Software tools and packages Computer Applications Structuring of Data and Information Computer networks, distributed systems Human-computer interaction, involving communication between computers and people Operating systems: the control of computers, resources and interactions Problem identification and analysis Design, development, testing and evaluation Management and organization Professionalism and ethics Commercial and industrial exploitation Algorithm design and analysis Formal methods and description techniques Modeling and frameworks Analysis, prediction and generalization Human behavior and performance

16. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona The British Computer Society (BCS) Taxonomy (2006) Academic Topics TOP LEVEL Hardware Computer systems organization Software Data Theory of computation Mathematics of computing Information systems Computing methodologies Computer applications Professional Topics TOP LEVEL Applications BCS Business sectors Career development Communications Hardware, operating systems and platforms Information systems design IT and society IT-related disciplines Management Security Software and software engineering

17. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Academic Topics TOP TWO LEVELS Hardware Control structures and microprogramming Arithmetic and logic structures Memory structures Input/output and data communications Register-transfer-level implementation Logic design Integrated circuits Performance and reliability Computer systems organization Processor architectures Computer-communication networks Special purpose and application-based systems Performance of systems Computer system implementation Software Programming techniques Software engineering Programming languages Operating systems Data Data structures Data storage representations Data encryption Coding and information theory Files Theory of computation Computation by abstract devices Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity Logics and meanings of programs Mathematical logic and formal languages Mathematics of computing Numerical analysis Discrete mathematics Probability and statistics Mathematical software Information Systems Models and principles Database management Information storage and retrieval Information systems applications Information interfaces and presentation Computing methodologies Symbolic and algebraic manipulation Artificial intelligence Computer graphics Image processing and computer vision Pattern recognition Simulation and modelling Document and text processing Computer applications Administrative data processing Physical sciences and engineering Life and medical sciences Social and behavioral sciences Arts and humanities Computer-aided engineering Computers in other systems The British Computer Society (BCS) Taxonomy (2006)

18. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Cassels Union of Disciplines The approach Team consists of leaders from – Computer Engineering – Computer Science – Information Systems – Information Technology – Software Engineering Merge – Curriculum knowledge units – ACM computing classification scheme – Other schemes as discovered

19. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Problem Twist Early discussions to merge bodies of knowledge – The topics are only one part of the distinction – Different groups look at the same topics, use the same words, and mean different things – How to include them all in one scheme?

20. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514267907/html/c180.html

21. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona CS IM11 Information Storage and Retrieval IS 1.6.6 IS 1.6.1 IS 1.6.10 CS IM2 IS 1.6.9 CS IM3 IS 1.6.2 CS IM4 IS 1.6.4 CS IM5 IS 1.6.5 CS IM8 IS 1.6.12 IS 3.3.2 Database Systems Data Modeling Relational Databases Distributed Databases Database Query Languages CS IM6 Relational Database Design Data Models Integrity IS 1.6.3 Normalization Data Definition Languages Application Interface IS 1.6.8 Distributed Databases… DBMS Products Database machines and servers DBMS: features, functions, architecture IS 1.6.11 Data and DB Administration Data Dictionary… IS 1.6.13 Information Retrieval Data Modeling IS 1.6.7 Intelligent Query Processors… CS IM7 Transaction Processing CS IM9 Physical Database Design CS IM10 Data Mining CS IM12 Hypertext and Hypermedia CS IM13 Multimedia Information and Systems CS IM14 Digital Libraries

22. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Basic elements Over the breadth of the combined areas What are we about? – Hardware – Software – Information – Human related aspects

23. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Four Basic Elements SW HW Info Human That is not enough to describe all that concerns the computing and information related disciplines - There are too many things that overlap these boundaries

24. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona HW SW Info Human HW SW HWHuman Human Info Info SW Info Human Info SW HW SW Info HW Human SW HW Human Info The core areas list is holds up: but we need every possible combination of them. But, that does not tell the whole story either.

25. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona HW SW Info Human HW SW HWHuman HumanInfo SW Info Human Info SW HW SW Info HW Human SW System HW Human Info For much of what we do, a System View of the parts is essential but not enough

26. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Application Context Application Context is often an inseparable part of the field. but not enough HW SW Info Human HW SW HWHuman HumanInfo SW Info Human Info SW HW SW Info HW Human SW System HW Human Info

27. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona HW SW Info Human HW SW HWHuman HumanInfo SW Info Human Info SW HW SW Info HW Human SW System Application Context Social Context HW Human Info There is a social context that surrounds all that we do. We neglect it at our peril. But, there is more

28. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona HW SW Info Human HW SW HWHuman HumanInfo SW Info Human Info SW HW SW Info HW Human SW System Application Context Social Context HW Human Info Administer & Support Design,Combine, Build, Test Theory and Concepts Deploy and use

29. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona SYSTEM APPLICATION Social context Focus on System elements -- other things contract. At another time, the center section could expand, any subsection of the center could expand, etc.

30. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona These are Too Broad The do give a lay of the land But, none of them helps us to figure out where we belong.

31. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Scientific Disciplines Types of research [Simon, 1996]: – natural sciences: phenomena occurring in the world (nature or society) – design sciences ~ sciences of the artificial: all or part of the phenomena may be created artificially studies artificial objects or phenomena designed to meet certain goals – social sciences: structural level processes of a social system and its impact on social processes and social organization – behavioural sciences: the decision processes and communication strategies within and between organisms in a social system

32. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Regardless of the context, doing computing well can be complicated and difficult. Society needs people to do computing well, Therefore we must think of computing Not only as a profession but also as a discipline.

33. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona A Conceptual Map of Disciplines Activities Phenomena Symbolic Analytic (invention and making) Synthetic (exploration and discovery) Real Chemistry Mechanical Engineering Product Design Painting Statutory Law Mathematics Computer Science (adapted from Owen 1997) Information Systems Design Science

34. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing provides such a wide range of choices that it is impossible for anyone to become proficient at all of them. Therefore an individual who wishes to become a computing professional requires some focus for his or her professional life.

35. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing is not just a single discipline but is a family of disciplines.

36. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona The Computing Disciplines There are many kinds of computing degree programs. There are dozens/perhaps hundreds around the world. Five are prominent today: 1.Computer Engineering (CE) 2.Computer Science (CS) 3.Information Systems (IS) 4.Information Technology (IT) 5.Software Engineering (SE) Each one has, or will soon have, a volume of undergraduate curriculum guidelines that is approved and published by one or more international professional and scientific societies.

37. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Disciplines Landscape Before 1990s Significant developments in the 1990s

38. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Disciplines Landscape Before 1990s 1960s – Computing Degree programs emerged North America – originally only 3 degrees ( alphabetical ): Each with its own well-defined area of work & influence It was easy (easier) for students to select one: – Computer Science Software Development expert or Theoretical Computing – Electrical Engineering Hardware – Information Systems Use hardware and software to Solve Business Problems

39. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Four Decades of Computing FeatureBatchTime-SharingDesktopNetwork Decade1960s1970s1980s1990s LocationComputer RoomTerminal RoomDesktopMobile UsersExpertsSpecialistsIndividualsGroups DataAlphanumericText, numbersFont,GraphsMultimedia ObjectiveCalculateAccessPresentCommunicate InterfacePunched CardKeyboard, CRTSee & PointAsk & Tell OperationProcessEditLayoutOrchestrate ConnectivityNonePeripheral CableLANInternet OwnersCorporate Computer Ctrs Divisional IS ShopsDept. End Users Everyone

40. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Spectrum Disciplines Pre-1990s Hardware Software Business EE + CE CS CS IS IS

41. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Spectrum Disciplines Pre-1990s Hardware Software Business Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering Computer Science Information Systems

42. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Spectrum Disciplines Post-1990s Hardware Software Organizational Needs CS CS SE SE CE CE EE EE IT IT IS IS

43. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Scope of The Computing Studies And Information Sciences Disciplines Computer Science - CS Information Systems - IS Commerce, Bus. Admin. Financial & Cost & Mgt Accounting Micro Econ Audit Marketing Bus. Law Individual & Organizational Behavior Information Management IT Management Computer Systems Engineering - CSE Software Engineering Data Analysis Database Management Knowledge -Based Systems Computer Architecture Operating Systems Robotics Compiler Construction Numerical Computing Engineering Systems Analysis Decision Support Systems Project Management Programming Algorithms Data Structures Networks Graphics Discrete Math Electronic Materials & Devices Digital Circuitry Signal Analysis Control & Communication Theory Engineering Graphics Machine Tools Engineering Design Materials Science Production Management Artificial Intelligence Formal Language Theory Concurrency Computational Theory Logic Adapted From Roger Clarke

44. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computing Spectrum Disciplines Post-1990s HardwareSoftwareOrganizational Needs ElectricalEngineeringComputerEngineering ComputerScience SoftwareEngineeringInformationTechnologyInformationSystems Computer engineering is concerned with the design and construction of computers and computer-based systems. It involves the study of hardware, software, communications, and the interaction among them. Its curriculum focuses on the theories, principles, and practices of traditional electrical engineering and mathematics, and applies them to the problems of designing computers and computer-based devices. Computer science spans a wide range, from its theoretical and algorithmic foundations to cutting-edge developments in robotics, computer vision, intelligent systems, bioinformatics, and other exciting areas. We can think of the work of computer scientists as falling into three categories: They design and implement software. They design and implement software. They devise new ways to use computers. They devise new ways to use computers. They develop effective ways to solve computing problems. They develop effective ways to solve computing problems. Software engineering is the discipline of developing and maintaining software systems that behave reliably and efficiently, are affordable to develop and maintain. Software engineering is different in character from other engineering disciplines, due to both the intangible nature of software and to the discontinuous nature of software operation. It seeks to integrate the principles of mathematics and computer science with the engineering practices developed for tangible, physical artifacts. Information technology is a label that has two meanings. In the broadest sense, the term information technology is often used to refer to all of computing. In academia, it refers to undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations. Emphasis is on the technology itself more than on the information it conveys. Information systems specialists focus on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to meet the information needs of businesses and other enterprises, enabling them to achieve their objectives in an effective, efficient way. This disciplines perspective on Information Technology emphasizes information, and sees technology as an instrument to enable the generation, processing and distribution of needed information.

45. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Information Systems vs. Computer Science Computer Science has its concentration in the study of algorithms, computation, software, and data structures. Its roots are in mathematics and engineering. Programming is only one aspect of computer science. Information Systems is an extension of management and organization theory that applies technical capabilities and solutions initially developed by computer science, to tasks in organizations. It involves the study of information – its structure, representation,and utilization. It focuses on the information needs of organizations for a wide variety of business processes, management, decision-making, and planning purposes.

46. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Business Environment Firm Putting Things in Context – The Picture BusinessProcess InformationSystem Information Technology Hardware, software, and networks that make Information Systems possible. System that uses information technology to capture, transmit, store, retrieve, manipulate, and display information. a related group of steps or activities that use people, information, and other resources, to create value for internal or external customers. Consists of a large number of interdependent business processes that work together to generate products of services in a business environment. Includes the firm and everything else that affects its success, such as competitors, suppliers, customers, regulatory agencies, and demographic, social, and economic conditions.

47. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Information Systems Taxonomies Reference Disciplines & as a Reference Discipline Differentiation from IT and Social Disciplines IS Keyword Classification of Research Questions and Topics for Researchers and Executives

48. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Information Systems MarketingPsychology Computer Science EngineeringEconomicsArchitectureBankingCommunicationsAccountingAgriculture Other Disciplines Other Disciplines IS as a Reference Discipline in discourse with other reference disciplines (Adapter from Baskerville and Myers, 2002)

49. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Computer Science Computer Systems Engineering Fundamental Applied Hard Soft Differentiating IS from other IT-related disciplines (Adapted from ACS 1992) Information Systems

50. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Sociology Fundamental Applied Hard Soft Differentiating IS from other Social Science disciplines (Adapted from ACS 1992) Anthropology Information Systems Psychology

51. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona IS Research Keyword Taxonomy

52. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona

53. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Functional Taxonomy Several types of computer-based systems have been developed; from an analysis of the most used terms in the literature the following types can be identified (So could more – and some overlap): – management information systems (MIS); – executive information systems (EIS); – executive support systems (ESS); – decision support systems (DSS); – group decision support systems (GDSS); – electronic meeting systems (EMS); – organizational decision support systems (ODSS); – expert systems (ES); – office information systems (OIS); and – intelligent organizational information systems (IOIS). – Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) – Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) – Database systems

54. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Historical IS Topics 1968-2009 WE will review a number of historical studies of the IS discipline in terms of Research Topics and Methodologies

55. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Alavi, M., and Carlson, P. (1992), A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development, Journal of Management Information Systems, 8(4) 45-62. Benchmark for tracking the status of management information systems (MIS) development and evolution, a sample of 908 mainstream MIS articles published in the 1968-1988 period is examined. For the first time during these 20 years, the number of empirical articles exceeded the number of non-empirical articles essentially focusing on purely conceptual work. The journal articles included in the study were classified and coded in three ways: 1. By subject or topic, according to the keyword classification scheme of Barki, Rivard, and Talbot 2 keyword classification 2. By type, according to a framework developed specifically for the study. 3. By orientation toward research or practice in the field.

56. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Adapted from Alavi and Carlson, 1992 Journals68-7071-7374-7677-7980-8283-8586-88Total% CACM41272119423113615% Data Base21761623323613215% Decision Science11857812425% HBR1911 619 109510% JMIS0000041569711% MIS Quarterly0005064 9427230% Mgmt Sci96811121310698% Sloan Mgmt Rev.3129661415657% TOTAL385949115150233264908 Table I Frequency of MIS Articles in the Journals by Three-Year Intervals JMIS Started in 1984 MISQ started in 1977

57. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992 Table 2 Articles in Different Topical Areas by Three-Year Intervals BRT CodesTopic Areas 68-7071-7374-7677-7980-8283-8586-88Total E IS Management2028%2121%2225%6328%7428%13332%12624%45927% H Information Systems2637%2929%1820%3917%5721%6516%11923%35321% F IS Development & Ops34%66%1112%5726%4416%7218%7314%26616% A Reference Disciplines710%1919%1921%209%3212%359%6913%20112% G IS Usage68%11%33%115%124%266%5310%1127% I IS Educ. & Research23%1111%44%9 207%184%234%875% D Organizational Env.34%4 22%94%207%246%296%915% C Technological Env.11%44%33%6 52%266%285%734% B External Env.34%4 78%94%31%123%51%433% Total 714%996%895%22313%26716%41124%52531%1685

58. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Table 3 Most Popular Research Issues in the Top Three Topic Areas of MIS Research BRT CodesDescription Number of Published ArticlesTotal EIS Management EJ IS Evaluation133 EQ IS Planning74 EM IS Management Issues67 274 HInformation Systems HA Types of Information Systems191 HB IS Application Areas100 HD IS Characteristics41 332 FIS Development and Operations FB IS life cycle activities98 FA IS development stategies65 FD IS implementation50 213 Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

59. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Research Classification Framework Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

60. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Number of Articles by Type and Year Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992 1968-701971-731974-761977-791980-821983-851986-88 Empirical1622234869113146 Nonempirical2237266781120118 Total385949115150233264

61. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Number of Nonempirical Articles by Type and Three-Year Time Period Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992 Nonempirical Articles1968-701971-731974-761977-791980-821983-851986-88Total Conceptual articles124923293044160 Illustrative articles21131742478267289 Applied concepts000258722 Total2237266781120118471

62. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Empirical Articles by Type (1968-88) Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992 Research Strategy # Articles% Field Study14633% Lab Experiment6615% Case Studies409% Survey327% Field Experiment184% Other Empirical Type Description9622% Ex-post Description184% Deveiopment of tool123% Secondary Data72% Total437

63. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Articles by Type, Topic and Code Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

64. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Lee, Z., Gosain, S., and Im, I. (1999), Topics of Interest in IS: evolution of themes and differences between research and practice, Information & Management, 36(5) 233-246. Evolution of themes in IS research and practice over time and differences between research and practice in IS evidenced by publication process. More than 3000 articles published across five years in four IS journals and five magazines examined and categorized by thematic areas

65. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Journals and Magazines Studied 1. Communications of the ACM (CACM) 2. Information systems research (ISR) 3. Journal of MIS (JMIS) 4. MIS quarterly (MISQ) 1. Business Week 2. CIO 3. ComputerWorld 4. Datamation 5. The Economist From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

66. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Number of Articles Per Year Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999 19911992199319941995Total JournalsISR121613201273 JMIS2732352533152 CACM5784516858318 MISQ30 263126143 MagazinesComputer World841842092822721031 Datamation5265686762314 Economist2033375046186 CIO7511410110498492 Business Week6062606554301 Total3224735636626153010

67. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Most Frequent Themes in Journals * (1991-1995) ISRJMISCACMMISQ 1. CSCW1. DSS/EIS 1. System design, development 1. IT usage and use modeling/adoption 2. IS research2. CSCW 2. Advanced techniques 2. User satisfaction, Involvement 3. IS modeling3. Expert system/NLP 3. Media, communication techniques 3. IS function issues 4. System design, development 4. IS personnel issues 4. Database and data management 4. System design. developmen. 5. Expert system/NLP 5. Inter-organizational system 5. Object oriented techniques 5. IS personnel issues 6. IT usage and user modeling/adoption 6. Specific-use system 6. IS strategy/IS company strategy 7. Advanced techniques7. IS research7. Security issues7. CSCW * Rank order. Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

68. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Major differences in proportion of articles for specific themes* (1991-1995) Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999 More frequent in journalsMore frequent in magazines 1. System design, development and methodology1. IT marketing 2. Advanced techniques2. IS strategy/IT company strategy 3. CSCW3. IT applications 4. IT usage and user models/adoption4. Client-server technology 5. Expert systems/Agents/NLP5. Standards/open system/quality issues 6. DSS/EIS6. Commercial products 7. IS research7. Tools and techniques * Topics which showed difference >3% between journals and magazines (ranked order).

69. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Examples of Conflicting Trends between Research Journals and Practitioner Magazines* Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

70. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Results Journals and magazines focused on different themes Academic Themes showed more variation over time than Practitioner Themes Some areas of research received inadequate attention from IS scholars (Organization and International issues) No increase in richness of themes found There were conflicting trends in research and practice. Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

71. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Claver, E., Gonzalez, R., and Llopis, J. (2000), An Analysis of Research in Information Systems (1981-1997) Information & Management, 37(4) 181-195. Analyzes the articles published in the Management Information Systems Quarterly and Information & Management journals between 1981 and 1997, paying attention to the usual topics as well as strategies, both in research and by the authors

72. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Articles Classified According to Research Topics (1) Major Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999 Topics81/83(%)84/86(%)87/89(%)90/92(%)93/95(%)96/97(%) Total(%) IS management2230.14629.46927.58734.18031.2524035631.7 IS development / Is lifecycle354845296827.151205923131027124.2 Information technology1216.43220.56927.56425.17629.83526.928825.7 IS usage34.12717.33011.94417.32810.91813.815013.4 Others11.463.815693.5135.1129.2565 Total731001561002511002551002561001301001121100 %Total6.51% 13.92% 22.39% 22.75% 22.84% 11.60%

73. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Articles Classified According to Research Topics (2a) Minor Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999 Topics81/83(%)84/86(%)87/89(%)90/92(%)93/95(%)96/97(%) Total(%) IS management2230.14629.46927.58734.18031.2524035631.7 1.Strategic planning for information systems45.521.383.252155.910.8353.1 2.IS alignment/organizational impact1013.642.6114.452103.91410.8544.8 3.IS human resources--74.572.7166.3166.221.5484.2 4.IS evaluation34.1159.5156197.5176.51814877.8 5.Using IS for competitive advantage/strategic IS--53.21561875221.5454 6.IS managers11.453.231.262.3523 232.1 7.IS outsourcing--------31.221.550.5 8.IS security45.531.910.483.162.353.8272.4 9.Other managemen tissues--53.293.6103.931.253.8322.8 IS development / Is lifecycle354845296827.151205923131027124.2 10.ISdevelopment1216.52314.93915.63011.83714.575.414813.2 11.ISimplementation912.4106.4135.2103.9135.143.1595.3 12.Database810.953.293.683.172.721.5393.5 13.Developing infor-architecture info- requirement analysis68.274.572.731.220.7--252.2 Information technology1216.43220.56927.56425.17629.83526.928825.7 14.DSS68.22113.43313.2249.4114.353.81008.9 15.GDSS--21.383.2135.1155.964.7443.9 16.Expertsystems/artificial Intelligence--42.6104176.7228.664.7595.2 17.EIS------31.25221.5100.9 18.EDI----10.41 5232.3100.9 19.Telecommunications--42.610441.583.121.5282.5 20. The internet/information Superhighways--------31.243.1 70.6

74. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Articles Classified According to Research Topics (2b) Minor Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999 Topics81/83(%)84/86(%)87/89(%)90/92(%)93/95(%)96/97(%) Total(%) IS usage34.12717.33011.94417.32810.91813.815013.4 22.Office automation--74.531.220.8--10.7131.1 23.Factory automation11.421.320.82 31.2--100.9 24.Telecommuting--10.610.41 ----30.3 25.Inter-organizational systems11.410.610.41 41.610.790.8 26.End-user computing--74.5145.6176.783.164.7524.6 27.IS and small business11.421.320.862.35221.5181.7 28.IS indeveloping countries/ intercultural IS comparisons--42.672.7124.772.775.4373.3 29.Other IS usages--31.9--31.210.310.78 Others11.463.815693.5135.1129.2565 30.IS research11.431.9114.420.893.564.6322.9 31.Others--31.941.672.741.664.6242.1 Total731001561002511002551002561001301001121100

75. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Articles Classified According to Research Methodology (1) Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999 Research Methodology81/83(%)84/86(%)87/89(%)90/92(%)93/95(%)96/97(%) Total(%) Theoretical Studies4156.25434.69738.669276425262035131.3 Empirical Studies3243.810265.415461.418673192751048077068.7 Total731001561002511002551002561001301001121100

76. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Articles Classified According to Research Methodology (2) Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999 Research Methodology81/83(%)84/86(%)87/89(%)90/92(%)93/95(%)96/97(%) Total(%) Theoretical Studies4156.25434.69738.669276425262035131.3 Conceptual79.674.54015.93212.53212.51410.813211.8 Illustrative2838.44126.34919.52710.62710.686.118016 Applied concepts68.263.883.2103.951.943.1393.5 Empirical Studies3243.810265.415461.418673192751048077068.7 Case studies1317.83723.75622.35923.15019.52317.723821.2 Field study1317.85736.57831.111043.111143.46852.343739 Field experiment--21.341.610.420.821.5111 Lab experiment68.263.9166.4166.42911.3118.5847.5 Total731001561002511002551002561001301001121100

77. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals 2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174. Developed a classification system that comprises five key characteristics of diversity based on a review of prior literature 1.reference discipline 2.level of analysis 3.Topic 4.research approach 5.Research method Examined articles over a five year period, from 1995 to 1999, in five journals top journals of the field. Analyses reveal considerable diversity in each of the key characteristics.

78. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals 2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174. 1.Computer 2.Systems/Software 3.Data/Information 4.Problem Domain-Specific 5.Systems/Software Management 6.Organizational 7.Societal 8.Disciplinary Issues Eight High level Topics as Concepts

79. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals 2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174. Representation by Topic Overall

80. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals 2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174. Representation by Topic for Journals

81. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals 2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174. Representation by Organizational sub-Topic Overall

82. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals 2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174. Representation by Organizational sub-Topic by Journal

83. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Liang, Ting-Peng (2003) Evolution of Information Systems Research. in proceedings of the 7th PACIS, 10-13 July 2003, Adelaide, South Australia, 834-842 Surveyed 3841 papers published between 1980 and 2001 in eight major IS journals. Papers were categorized according to their research themes and the theories they adopted. Found an increase in human-related research and a decline in systems-related research.

84. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Evolution of Information Systems Research from Liang, 2003

85. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Evolution of Information Systems Research Table 2. Distribution of research topics in different stages Adapted from Liang, 2003 Human System Technology & Analysis Model Management Research Methodology and Theory # %# %# %# %# % 1980~19848518%23149%388%6514%5211% 1985~199139817%102744%26211%41418%2129% 1992~199874021%135838%46713%59517%37811% 1999~200153127%67034%28314%32716%1869%

86. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Evolution of Information Systems Research Figure 2 Trends in the Five Research Areas from Liang, 2003

87. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Evolution of Information Systems Research Major driving forces behind the trends. Trend A Trend B Rank Themes Diff. Rank Themes Diff. 1 System Design Issues +73 1 Applications in Industries or Functions +109 2 DSS/ESS/EIS +66 2 DSS/ESS/EIS -64 3 Methodologies/Philosophy +63 3 Technology Infrastructure +60 4 Managerial Issues +56 4 Theories +53 5 IS Performance Evaluation +55 5 Organizational Resource / Knowledge Management +39 6 New Software Technologies +41 6 Perception and Attitudes +38 7 Intelligent Systems +40 7 New Software Technologies +37 8 Telecommunication Systems +35 8 Methodologies/Philosophy +34 9 Analytical Models and Tools +33 9 Managerial Issues +30 10 IS Strategic Planning +33 10 Group Support +29 In Trend A, major issues that gained popularity were related to system design, e.g. system design issues, DSS/ESS/EIS, and intelligent systems In Trend B, however, major issues shifted to applications and technology infrastructure and away from DSS/ESS/EIS, which had a major drop in paper publication. There was also a substantial increase in interests in theories and human-related research; indicating that the driving force behind IS research has changed from the design of good systems to the power of technology infrastructure and user-organization requirements. Adapted from Liang, 2003

88. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Evolution of Information Systems Research Figure 4. Trend in research diversity Simpsons index in ecological studies (Simpson, 1949) measures topic diversity (higher value indicates a higher level of diversity.) Except for a slight downturn after 1999 there is an trend toward an increase in topic diversity. See: Simpson, E. H. (1949), Measurement of diversity, Nature, Vol.163, pp.688. from Liang, 2003

89. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Evolution of Information Systems Research: Use of Theory Use of theories in IS research had increased since 1993. Only 308 papers, less than 10%, had clear theoretical frameworks from Liang, 2003

90. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Serenko, Alexander, Cocosila, Mihail, Turel, Ofir (2008) The State and Evolution of Information Systems Research in Canada: A Scientometric Analysis. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 25, 279-294. Evolution of information systems (IS) research in Canada as reflected in publications of the proceedings of the annual conference of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada from 1974 to 2007. Sample From 1974 to 2007 (excluding 1978– 1980) a total of 358 papers (55 in French and 303 in English) were published by 682 authors.

91. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona TopicPeriod onePeriod twoPeriod three (1974–1990)(1991–2000)(2001–2007) EIS management16.7727.4723.27 HInformation systems21.0317.9517.39 DOrganizational environment5.8313.4614.14 FIS development and operations20.4610.3210.86 IIS Education and research15.794.047.61 BExternal environment1.173.145.98 CInformation technology4.679.863.81 Period three (2001–2007) 23.27 17.39 14.14 10.86 7.61 5.98 3.81 The State and Evolution of Information Systems Research in Canada Major Topic percentages in each period Tabular Adapted from Serenko et al., 2008

92. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona The State and Evolution of Information Systems Research in Canada Major Topic percentages in each period Graphically from Serenko et al., 2008

93. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Sub-Topic percentages in each period Tabular Adapted from Serenko et al., 2008 TopicPeriod onePeriod twoPeriod three (1974–1990)(1991–2000)(2001–2007) GAOrganizational use of IS9.367.1712.5 EI/EJIS evaluation and control9.7716.711.87 IBIS research8.774.047.61 BExternal environment1.173.145.98 FA/FCIS development strategies, methods and tools15.26.285.43 FDIS implementation5.264.045.43 HA– Supply chain management, customer relationship management, and enterprise resource planning0.580.95.43 HDElectronic commerce/business and eGovernment01.795.43 DD06/7Organizational learning, knowledge management, information flows00.454.89 GBUsers (characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, types, and personalities)2.346.284.89 DD01-DD04Organizational dynamics (change, business process reengineering, innovation, information flows)0.584.044.35 EFIS planning (methods, issues, objectives, strategic planning, and operational planning)0.582.694.34 CAComputer systems (computer-based communications systems and the Internet)2.924.932.72 DAOrganizational characteristics (culture, size, structure)4.095.832.72 EEProject management1.170.452.72 EGOrganizing IS (issues, structure of IS function, centralization / decentralization)2.925.832.17 HAAI-based systems and intelligent/interface agents (excludingn decision support systems)4.092.692.17 EHIS staffing0.580.451.63 CBSoftware (operating systems, algorithms, programming languages, databases)1.754.931.09 DBOrganizational functions (departments)0.583.141.09 DCTask characteristics0.5801.09 HADecision support systems9.942.241.09 HA– Accounting IS1.170.91.09 HA– Interorganizational IS00.451.09 HDIS characteristics and features (graphical user interface)1.751.81.09 EKIS security1.170.450.54 ELIS management issues (globalization)0.580.90 HA– Executive IS0.581.350 HA– Group decision support systems, negotiation and collaboration2.925.830 IAIS education7.0200

94. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Changes in IT Management Concerns 94 Luftman, J. and Ben-Zvi, T. Key Issues for IT Executives 2009: Difficult Economys Impact on IT MIS Quarterly Executive 9 (1 ) 49-59

95. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona 95 Luftman, J. and Ben-Zvi, T. Key Issues for IT Executives 2009: Difficult Economys Impact on IT MIS Quarterly Executive 9 (1 ) 49-59

96. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Recent Focused Studies

97. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Palvia, P., Pinjani, P., Sibley, E.H. (2007) A profile of information systems research published in Information & Management. Information and Management 44 (1), pp. 1-11 Examined all articles (768) in I&M during 13 years (1992–2005) Determined the subject areas most often investigated

98. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Palvia, P., Pinjani, P., Sibley, E.H. (2007) A profile of information systems research published in Information & Management. Information and Management 44 (1), pp. 1-11 Topic Frequency Trends

99. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Galliers, R.D., Whitley, E.A. Vive les differences? Developing a profile of European information systems research as a basis for international comparisons 2007 European Journal of Information Systems 16 (1), pp. 20-35 Presents a profile of European research in the IS field lies in identifying particular characteristics of the European style of research that can be compared to that undertaken in other parts of the world. Analyzes of all papers published in the ECIS proceedings during the period 1993–2002, the paper presents the key characteristics of the ECIS conferences, together with a profile of European IS research activity as presented at ECI

100. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Most Cited Sources From Galliers and Whitley 2007 RankCountCited item 174Yin RK (1989) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA 266Walsham G (1993) Interpreting Information Systems in Organisations. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 363Hammer M and Champy J (1993) Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution. Harper Business, New York 459Porter ME and Millar VE (1985) How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review 66(4), 149–160. 556Earl MJ (1989) Management Strategies for Information Technology. Prentice Hall, London. 649Checkland PB (1981) Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley, Chichester. 747Scott-Morton M (Ed) (1991). The Corporation of the 1990s: Information Technology and Organizational Transformation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 845Davenport TH (1993) Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. 845Hammer M (1990) Re-engineering work: dont automate obliterate. Harvard Business Review 68(4), 104–112. 1042Malone TJ, Yates J and Benjamin R (1987) Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies. Communications of the ACM 30(6), 484–497. 1042Rogers EM (1995) Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York. 1236Giddens A (1984) The Constitution of Society. Polity Press, Cambridge. 1333Cash JI and Konsynski B (1985) IS redraws competitive boundaries. Harvard Business Review 63(2), 134–142. 1333Nonaka I and Takeuchi H (1995) The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1333Checkland P and Scholes J (1990) Soft Systems Methodology in Action. Wiley, Chichester. 1631DeLone WH and McLean ER (1995) Information systems success: the quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research 3(1), 60–95. 1631Porter ME (1985) Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Competition on the Internet: Aggregation Strategies. The Free Press, New York. 1830Zuboff S (1988) In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. Basic Books, New York. 1830Porter ME (1980) Competitive Strategy. The Free Press, New York.

101. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Papers by Research Topic (Count and Percentage) Adapted From Galliers and Whitley 2007 YearSocial% IS Org. and strategic% System dev.%DSS%Tech.% Re. Issues%Econ.%Human% Electr. markets% 1993713224136611476 242424 19947113248914693558122312 19951083933121025217687339854 199619144634151197151197865497 19971711553715101611 71494364117 199821125432221318115315995117148 199910 38 11 14 4410 2222 200044176827166239197311273314518 2001293320239100000172012140000 200219122415181132138352217111281610 Total/Ave%1831439833130101209816150116555241137

102. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Most popular social theory sources Adapted From Galliers and Whitley 2007 Rank Count Text 142 Rogers (1995) 236 Giddens (1984) 325 Williamson (1975) 423 Glaser & Strauss (1967) 520 Williamson (1985) 618 Strauss & Corbin (1990) 717 Berger & Luckmann (1966) 815 Coase (1937) 914 Burrell & Morgan (1979) 914 Latour (1987) 1112 Polanyi (1966) 1112 Polanyi (1973) 1310 Habermas (1986) 1310 Austin (1962) 1310 Searle (1969)

103. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Number of papers citing social theory sources by country Adapted From Galliers and Whitley 2007 Country1993199419951996199719981999200020012002Total UK18121316 1018177118 Australia-1221521110943 Netherlands-452-5243126 Germany--14311102325 USA112124--7523 Sweden---115234622 Denmark-1221-614320 France-11433-1 114 Ireland-114113 1113 Italy--21411--413 Finland-11131111111

104. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is used to distill the core research areas of IS Analyzed abstracts from all research articles published in MISQ, ISR and JMIS over a 22 year period from 1985 through 2006 (1615 articles) Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Valacich, J.S. and Thiagarajan, R. (2008 ) Uncovering the Intellectual Core of the Information Systems Discipline," MIS Quarterly, 32(3) 467-482.

105. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Results IS research can be aggregated at different levels – Macro (research dealing with organizational & societal issues) – Micro (research examining interactions with the IT artifact at the individual and group levels) 5 factor solution reveals: – IS Development – IT and Organizations – IT and Individuals – IT and Markets – IT and Groups Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Valacich, J.S. and Thiagarajan, R. (2008 ) Uncovering the Intellectual Core of the Information Systems Discipline," MIS Quarterly, 32(3) 467-482.

106. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Model of IS Research Identity From Sidorova et al. 2008

107. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Dynamics of Key Research Areas From Sidorova et al. 2008

108. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Implications – The Information Systems academic discipline focuses on how IT systems are developed and how individuals, groups, organizations, and markets interact with IT. – The field has become less technology focused and more business-process-focused over time Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Valacich, J.S. and Thiagarajan, R. (2008 ) Uncovering the Intellectual Core of the Information Systems Discipline," MIS Quarterly, 32(3) 467-482.

109. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona AIS Basket of Six – Journal Topics MISQ ISR JMIS EJIS ISJ JAIS 109

110. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ) Business Intelligence Research (Deadline October 15 2010) Digital Business Strategy: Toward a Next Generation of Insights (Deadline September 1, 2010) Service Innovation in the Digital Age (Deadline January 5, 2011) 110 See: http://www.misq.org/archivist/vol/no34/issue1/MarchAds.pdfhttp://www.misq.org/archivist/vol/no34/issue1/MarchAds.pdf

111. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Information Systems Research (ISR) 111

112. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS) – Cross Organizational and Cross Border Collaboration – Information technology funding and system justification in the organization – Behavioural and Policy Issues in Information Systems Security – Transformational Government (t-Gov) – Meeting the Renewed Demand for IT Workers 112

113. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Information Systems Journal (ISJ) – Managing knowledge transfer in distributed contexts – Human–computer interaction research in the management information systems field – Information Systems in China 113

114. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS) – Competitive Strategy, Economics, and Information Systems – Structure and Complexity in Sociotechnical – E-Services and Customer-Centered Systems 114

115. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Journal of the AIS – Team Collaboration in Virtual Worlds – Health Care IT: Process, People and Patients – Empirical Research on Free/Libre Open Source Software 115

116. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent International Journal of Electronic Commerce – Consumption, Influence, and Participation of Web Users – Click Fraud – Electronic Contract Architectures and Languages – Consumer-Focused Processes in E-Commerce 116

117. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Electronic Markets – Service-orientation in Electronic Markets – eCollaboration – Electronic Business in China 117

118. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Special Issue of Journals Forthcoming and Recent Business Process Management Journal – Information Systems Evaluation and Benchmarking for Business Process Improvement 118

119. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona 119 TECHNOLOGY IT MANAGEMENT COMMERCE Methods Internet, Web Client-Server Collaborative Systems Web 2.0 Cloud Computing Deception Detection IT Staff Retention CIO, IT Governance IT Practices, Success Project Management Outsourcing ERP/CRM/SCM Decision Support Systems Information Assurance D Data Security, Privacy and T Trust /Crisis Response Process Virtualization Electronic Commerce Alignment Technology Adoption Global IS Network Paradigms Social Networking Business Value Collaborative Commerce Economics and Value of Information Systems Methodological Issues: Interpretivistism, Qualitative Methods, Ethics DESIGN RESEARCH POSSIBLE CURRENT/FUTURE HOT TOPICS

120. Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. IS Research an International Perspective 21 Maggio 2010 Università degli Studi di Verona Questions?