1. The Chances for Intelligent Lift? The Chances for (Intelligent) Life?  Is there intelligent life elsewhere?  How could we contact them?  How will humanity evolve?

2. The Habitable Zone Distance around our Sun supporting Life Distance around our Sun supporting Life Originally narrow, between Venus & Mars Originally narrow, between Venus & Mars Depends on planet size, capability of life to survive in various conditions Depends on planet size, capability of life to survive in various conditions Now – Venus to Jupiter? Even Moons of giant planets? Now – Venus to Jupiter? Even Moons of giant planets?

3. Habitable Zone

5. Drake’s Equation N = R * x f planet x n e x f life x f intell x f civ x L N = # intelligent, transmitting civilizations N = # intelligent, transmitting civilizations R * = # stars formed/year R * = # stars formed/year f planet = fraction of stars w/ planets f planet = fraction of stars w/ planets n e = # of planets/system that can support life n e = # of planets/system that can support life f life = fraction that develop life f life = fraction that develop life f intell = fraction with life that becomes intelligence f intell = fraction with life that becomes intelligence f civ = fraction that produce interstellar communications capability f civ = fraction that produce interstellar communications capability L = “Lifetime” of how long they try to communicate L = “Lifetime” of how long they try to communicate

6. Drake’s Equation Example N = R * x f planet x n e x f life x f intell x f civ x L R * = 40 (400 Billion stars in our galaxy about 10 BY old) R * = 40 (400 Billion stars in our galaxy about 10 BY old) f planet = 50% f planet = 50% n e = 0.5 n e = 0.5 f life = 1 (optimistic – we did, so others could too!) f life = 1 (optimistic – we did, so others could too!) f intell = 1 f intell = 1 f civ = 1 f civ = 1 L = 10,000 years L = 10,000 years N =100,000 communicating, intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way alone! N =100,000 communicating, intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way alone!

7. Drake’s Equation Example N = R * x f planet x n e x f life x f intell x f civ x L R * = 40 (400 Billion stars in our galaxy about 10 BY old) R * = 40 (400 Billion stars in our galaxy about 10 BY old) f planet = 50% f planet = 50% n e = 0.1 n e = 0.1 f life = 0.000001 (one in a million!) f life = 0.000001 (one in a million!) f intell = 1 f intell = 1 f civ = 1 f civ = 1 L = 100 years (before we blow ourselves up??) L = 100 years (before we blow ourselves up??) N =<<1 communicating, intelligent civilization in the Milky Way – US!! N =<<1 communicating, intelligent civilization in the Milky Way – US!!

8. The Potential for Human Evolution 50 years… 50 years… Smart prosthetics for limbs AND organs Smart prosthetics for limbs AND organs Genetic ID/elimination of hereditary disease Genetic ID/elimination of hereditary disease Computers & AI improve Computers & AI improve Nanotechnology increases Nanotechnology increases Questions… Questions… Fusion? Fusion? Food? Food? Water? Water?

9. The Potential for Human Evolution 500 years… 500 years… Brains/Bodies enhanced (“bionics”) Brains/Bodies enhanced (“bionics”) Lifetimes, Adaptability increase Lifetimes, Adaptability increase Questions… Questions… Room to survive? Room to survive? Resolve to allow “Cyborgs”? Resolve to allow “Cyborgs”? Reasons to explore? Reasons to explore?

10. The Potential for Human Evolution 5000 years… 5000 years… What is “human”? What is “human”? Fully “artificial” 1000+ year lifetime Fully “artificial” 1000+ year lifetime Able to travel for 1000 years@ high speeds Able to travel for 1000 years@ high speeds Able to reach nearby stars… Able to reach nearby stars… Questions… Questions… What will “we” find? What will “we” find?