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MORALITY & ETHICS ► How moral are you? ► How do you decide what is good or bad? LEARNING INTENTION ► To do some deep thinking about the film in regards.

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Presentation on theme: "MORALITY & ETHICS ► How moral are you? ► How do you decide what is good or bad? LEARNING INTENTION ► To do some deep thinking about the film in regards."— Presentation transcript:

1 MORALITY & ETHICS ► How moral are you? ► How do you decide what is good or bad? LEARNING INTENTION ► To do some deep thinking about the film in regards to THEME ► What messages does The Constant Gardener give us about morality and ethics?

2 THE MORALITY QUIZ ► Take the quiz ► Do it honestly and in silence ► You will have time afterwards to discuss your answers ► From your answers, come up with what you think defines a “moral decision”

3 Kohlberg’s theory of Moral reasoning ► Lawrence Kohlberg was a psychologist ► He based his theory upon research and interviews with groups of young children. ► A series of moral dilemmas were presented to children, who were then interviewed to determine the reasoning behind their judgments of each scenario.

4 The Story of Heinz ► A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a pharmacist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the pharmacist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the pharmacist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the pharmacist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963).

5 Think about your answer. You have 1 minute to write your answer and your REASON for your answer. The reason is the most important part! The reason is the most important part!

6 Level 1. Preconventional Morality Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment ANSWER: NO, he shouldn’t have, because he could have got caught and then he would have got punished. Or YES, because if not, wife would be angry - common in young children - rules seen as fixed and absolute. - Obeying the rules is important to avoid punishment. - Does not consider the interests of others.

7 Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange ► YES, he should have. The pharmacist refused to make a deal so Heinz was right to steal drug to help his wife get better. ► Or NO, Your wife is wrong to expect you to steal. It is not reasonable for her to ask you to break the law, as she may still not get better. ► Common amongst children aged 7-10 and some adults ► “What’s in it for me?” – (egocentric) ► Give-and-take guides behaviour ► Tries to strike deals that serve both parties interests

8 2. Stage 3 - Interpersonal Relationships 2. Conventional Morality Stage 3 - Interpersonal Relationships ► NO, because good people do not steal. People will think you are a bad person if you steal. ► YES, Because good husbands should look after their wives. Even if it means breaking the law, this is what a good person would do. ► This stage is reached by 10-16 years, and is usually found in many adults ► the "good boy-good girl" orientation, ► focused on living up to social expectations and roles. ► emphasis on conformity, being "nice," and consideration of how choices influence relationships.

9 Stage 4 - Maintaining Social Order ► ANSWER: NO, because stealing is against the law. If everyone stole, society would be in chaos. ► YES, because when you married you promised to do everything to help your wife. If you didn’t steal the drug, you would be breaking your promise. - People begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. - The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority. - They think of the consequences if EVERYONE behaved in this way

10 L 3. Postconventional morality Stage 5 - Social Contract and Individual Rights ► Yes, Heinz’s wife’s right to live outweighs the pharmacist’s right. ► No, The life of one individual should not cause you to act in ways that threatens social order. ► At this stage, people begin to consider HUMAN RIGHTS and SOCIAL CONTRACTS ► Rules of law are important for society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards. ► They consider the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people.

11 Stage 6 - Universal Principles ► Yes, he should have stolen because the principle of life is more important than a law about not stealing. Even the pharmacist would be better off because he would not be party to your wife’s death. The case might bring attention to the problem of expensive drugs. ► No, Your feelings for your wife should not take precedence over the well-being of others. If you steal the drug, the pharmacist may raise the price of the drug making it even harder to get. ► Very few people reach this level of reasoning. ► People make decisions based upon their personal principles. ► They follow most laws (as they are based universally held values) but if laws violate them, they believe they must act according to their principles.

12 Interested in this? Check out these clips ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuhgBuj kD10&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuhgBuj kD10&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuhgBuj kD10&feature=related ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY4etX WYS84 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY4etX WYS84 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY4etX WYS84 ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7pQJ0 ptjk0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7pQJ0 ptjk0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7pQJ0 ptjk0


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