1. Instructional Design Document Open Systems STAM Interactive Solutions

2. Demo Outline (For reference) ‏ Animated pageSteady-Flow Energy Equation3 Interactive pageSimulation4 Animated pageCoal Power Station – An Open System?2 Animated pageClosed System Vs Open System1 Page TypeTopic NameTopic Number

3. Open Systems Thermodynamics An open system can exchange both energy and mass. In other words, material and energy can flow back and forth in an open system.

4. Open Systems Thermodynamics Closed System Vs Open System Linear Compressor – A Closed SystemI.C.Engine – An Open System Working fluid undergoes a series of processes Energy is exchanged with the surroundings and not mass Machine undergoes a mechanical cycle and not the fluid Both energy and mass are exchanged with the surroundings

5. Open Systems Thermodynamics Coal Power Station – An Open System? 1-2-3-4 = Closed System

6. Open Systems Thermodynamics 1-2-3-4 = Closed System W Pump Liquid flows in Pump Power is consumed Pi m Pe m Liquid flows out Pe > Pi Pump is an open system as mass flows in and out. Coal Power Station – An Open System?

7. Open Systems Thermodynamics 1-2-3-4 = Closed System Condenser is an open system as mass flows in and out. Condenser Q Heat Rejected m Steam flows in m Water flows out Coal Power Station – An Open System?

8. Open Systems Thermodynamics 1-2-3-4 = Closed System Turbine is an open system as mass flows in and out. Coal Power Station – An Open System? Q = 0 Usually adiabatic m Steam flows in at high enthalpy m Turbine Steam flows out at low enthalpy W Power is delivered

9. Open Systems Thermodynamics Steady-Flow Energy Equation (Ve 2 – Vi 2 ) ‏ Q – W = m [ (he – hi) + ------------ +g (Ze – Zi)] 2 where g = acceleration due to gravity Inflow: h i = Enthalpy V i = Velocity Z i = Elevation Outflow: h e = Enthalpy V e = Velocity Z e = Elevation Open System in steady state m (mass inflow) ‏ m (mass outflow) ‏ ViVi VeVe ZiZi ZeZe W (power output) ‏ Q (rate of heat absorption) ‏

10. Open Systems Thermodynamics Simulation Mass (m): = Kg/s (Range: 10 to 200 Kg/s) ‏ Inflow: Enthalpy ( h i) = Velocity ( V i) = Elevation (Z i) = 2700 KJ/Kg (Range: 2700 to 3000 KJ/Kg 8 m/s (Range: 0 to 10 m/s) ‏ 8 m (Range: 0 to 10 m) ‏ Outflow: Enthalpy ( he ) = Velocity ( V e) = Elevation (Z e) = 2100 2 m/s (Range: 0 to 10 m/s) ‏ 2 m (Range: 0 to 10 m) ‏ KJ/Kg (Range: 2100 to 2300 KJ/Kg 10 gravity (g): = 9.81 m/s 2 (Constant) ‏ Power output (W): = KW Q = 0 (assumed) ‏ m Mass inflow m Steam Turbine Mass outflow W (power output) ‏ Vary the mass inflow & outflow parameters.

11. Open Systems Thermodynamics (Vi 2 – Ve 2 ) g (Ze – Zi) ‏ W = m [ (hi – he) + ------------ + ------------ ] 2 X 1000 1000 where g = acceleration due to gravity Reference slide – Equation for previous slide

12. Open Systems Thermodynamics Resources Reference Links: US Patent 4144514 - Linear motion, electromagnetic force motor http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4144514/description.html 1.Free-Piston Rankine Compression and Stirling Cycle Machines for Domestic Refrigeration http://www.globalcooling.com/pdfs/14_freepistonrankine.pdf 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine 1.Progress on Free-Piston Stirling Coolers http://www.sunpower.com/lib/sitefiles/pdf/publications/Doc0047.pdf

13. Open Systems Thermodynamics An open system is always adiabatic allows mass flow across its boundaries allows heat and/or work transfer always has fixed volume

14. Open Systems Thermodynamics Open systems always has fixed boundaries have boundaries that are flexible may have boundaries which are moving always has solid boundaries

15. Open Systems Thermodynamics A boiler has only a rigid boundary only an adiabatic boundary neither an adiabatic nor a rigid boundary both an adiabatic and a rigid boundary

16. Open Systems Thermodynamics A turbine has only a rigid boundary only an adiabatic boundary neither an adiabatic nor a rigid boundary both an adiabatic and a rigid boundary

17. Open Systems Thermodynamics Which of the following are open systems Water flowing through a fixed - length of a river Gas in a sealed cylinder Air inside a car tyre Gas flowing through a gas turbine