1. THROW Pattern PUSH Pattern proximal segments in front of projectile with distal segments behind projectile sequential for  v curvilinear path mostly wheel-axle all segments behind pushing the projectile or ahead pulling the load simultaneous for  F rectilinear path mostly lever motions

2. Preparation Phase 1. Rotate torso so that contra lateral shoulder faces target 2. Step forward with contra lateral leg

3. Hips Rotate while upper torso and arm lag behind

4. 1. HIPS are “stopped” while upper torso and shoulders continue to rotate 2. Upper torso and shoulders are “stopped” once they are aligned with hips/lower torso

5. Wheel-Axle: medial rotation of the shoulder

6. Wheel-Axle: pronation during release phase

7. v = r  r is increased about both longitudinal axis of torso via elbow extension

8. Release Point is beside torso not in front of torso

9. Mechanical Purposes of PUSH 1. 2. 3.

10. Push Pattern for Force Activities  maximum strength movements demand simultaneous segmental rotations  move in a rectilinear path  minimize acceleration in movements to avoid injury and to comply with Force/Velocity principle

11. PUSH Pattern: Power Activities Power movements require both F and v moving a resistance fast requires higher % F max rapid acceleration in a short period of time strength-dominant P (e.g. shot putting) speed-dominant P (e.g. jump, start, strike, throw)

12. Power in Jumping PUSH body into space via segmental rotations large F required to achieve maximum vertical or maximum horizontal distance takeoff of a jump for maximum Distance VERT : body’s C of G has high V VERT + moderate V HORZ takeoff of a jump for maximum Distance HORZ : body’s C of G has high V VERT + high V HORZ

13. Jumping: Motions Sequence 1. Massive segments/trunk @ “open” end of chain 2. Small segments/feet @ “closed/fixed” end 3. ideal direction of F is through body’s CG 4. initial shoulder flexion exerts downward F 5. stopping shld. flexion initiates trunk extension 6. Shld. flexion + trunk extension loads legs 7. Loading of leg muscles increases ROM and elicits elastic recoil in hip + knee extensors

14. Jumping: Motions Sequence 1. Massive segments/trunk @ “open” end of chain 2. Small segments/feet @ “closed/fixed” end 3. ideal direction of F is through body’s C of G 4. initial shoulder flexion exerts downward F 5. stopping shld. flexion initiates trunk extension 6. Shld. flexion + trunk extension loads legs 7. Loading of leg muscles increases ROM and elicits elastic recoil in hip + knee extensors

15. Punch/Strike: Power/Accuracy  F + v + accuracy important in punch or strike  Throw/Push Continuum involved in Punch/Strike  v is initiated and increased using the kinetic link and a curvilinear path v = r   F and accuracy is achieved by changing to a rectilinear path near the end of the ROM, just prior to contact/impact

16. Accuracy & Accuracy with v Consistency in movements key to success straight line motion just prior to, during, and just after release/impact rectilinear path for projecting for short distance curvilinear then a “flat space” to a rectilinear path just prior to and during release/impact

17. curvilinear path then a “flat space” to a rectilinear path just prior to and during release/impact