1. CPR/DNR THE ETHICAL ISSUES

2. FEATURES TO BE CONSIDERED REALISTIC ASSESSMENT OF BENEFITS –RESTORATION OF HEARTBEAT –SURVIVAL TO LEAVE HOSPITAL –RETURN TO PREVIOUS OR DECENT LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING ANTICIPATION OF CRISIS --- ADVANCE DIRECTIVE DISCUSSION WITH PATIENT --- DETERMINATION OF WISHES FAMILY INVOLVEMENT --- SURROGATE’S AUTHORITY SEDUCTIONS OF TECHNOLOGY CHANGE OF MIND

3. DNR AND ETHICS RELATED TO DIGNITY OF PATIENTS –HONORING AND IDENTIFYING WISHES PATIENT’S VIEW OF LIFE, DEATH, AND “GOODS” EXERCISE OF AUTONOMY AND PROXY DECISION MAKING THROUGH INFORMED CONSENT PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE –TREAT ACCORDING TO ONE’S CONDITION COMMUNICATION ABOUT OTHER END-OF-LIFE DECISIONS DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ADVANCE DIRECTIVES ESTABLISH CONTINUITY OF CARE

4. CRITERIA FOR CPR/DNR TO PREVENT SUDDEN, UNEXPECTED DEATH –COROLLARY: DNR WHEN DEATH IS EXTENDED PROCESS AND/OR EXPECTED PRESUMPTION IS GENERALLY IN FAVOR OF CPR UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED BEST INTERESTS OF THE PATIENT RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS (@ $2,500-$3,500) CARDIAC ARREST OCCURS WITH EVERY DEATH

5. DNR AND AGE SUCCESS RATE FOR CPR IS ABOUT 33%- 40% ACROSS ALL AGES AND CONDITIONS –70% OF SURVIVORS DO NOT LEAVE THE HOSPITAL 70-79 YEARS --- 12.4% TO DISCHARGE 80-89 YEARS --- 10.2% TO DISCHARGE 90+ YEARS --- O% TO DISCHARGE PRESUMPTION FOR DNR UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED???

6. DNR COMFORT CARE LAW AND ETHICS EXPECTATION OF PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION UTILIZES THE DYNAMICS OF INFORMED CONSENT ACKNOWLEDGES RIGHT TO REFUSE TREATMENT EXPLORATION OF PATIENT WISHES RELATED TO THEIR VIEWS OF LIFE AND DEATH REINFORCES DIGNITY OF PATIENT AND RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY RECOGNITION THAT THERE ARE LIMITS TO MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS –NO LONGER BENEFICIAL ALLOWS FOR A PEACEFUL DEATH CAN BEGIN CONSIDERATION OF COMPREHENSIVE AND SPECIFIC ADVANCE DIRECTIVES –ARTICULATE THE VALUE CONTEXT OF PATIENT –SELECT DIRECTIONS IN TREATMENT CONSISTENT WITH PATIENT’S VALUE CONTEXT