1. GholamHossein Ekbatanifard, Reza Monsefi, Mohammad H. Yaghmaee M., Seyed Amin Hosseini S. ELSEVIER Computer Networks 2012 Queen-MAC: A quorum-based energy-efficient medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks

2. Outline Introduction Related Work Goals Assumptions Theoretical foundations Queen-MAC Performance Evaluation Conclusion

3. Introduction Energy efficiency is one of the most critical concerns in wireless sensor networks. Most of the existing power-saving protocols achieve power savings by periodically putting sensor nodes to sleep. Lower power efficiency. Higher latency. Many protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime of sensor networks. Deployment protocols. Power efficient medium access control protocols. Routing protocols.

4. 012 345 678 Related Work QMAC [8] C.M. Chao and Y.W. Lee, “A quorum-based energy-saving MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology(TVT), 2010. A B 0 1 2 34 56 7 8 012 345 678 012 345 678

5. Related Work QMAC Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 Hop Count=1 Hop Count=2 Hop Count=3 Hop Count=4 A B A B 012 345 678 012 345 678 [8] C.M. Chao and Y.W. Lee, “A quorum-based energy-saving MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology(TVT), 2010.

6. Related Work QMAC 0 Sink A B 012 345 678 012 345 678 012345678 012345678 A B Network Sensibility A B

7. Related Work QMAC 0 Sink A B 012 345 678 012 345 678 012345678 012345678 A B Network Sensibility A B

8. Related Work QMAC 0 Sink A B 012 345 678 012 345 678 A B [8] C.M. Chao and Y.W. Lee, “A quorum-based energy-saving MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology(TVT), 2010.

9. Related Work QMAC 0 Sink A B 012 345 678 012 345 678 A B [8] C.M. Chao and Y.W. Lee, “A quorum-based energy-saving MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology(TVT), 2010.

10. Goals This paper proposes a new quorum system, ‘‘dygrid’’. This paper proposed a Multi-Channel MAC protocol. Decrease energy consumption. Collision Prolong the network lifetime. Decrease Transmission latency.

11. Assumptions Time is divided into a series of time slots. All sensor nodes have the same transmission range d. Nodes are static in the network. Sensor nodes are time synchronized. Network mission is data collection. All sensor nodes send their data toward the sink. The broadcast packet is only from the sink.

12. Assumptions Nodes are uniformly distributed in the environment. Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 Hop Count=1 Hop Count=2 Hop Count=3 Hop Count=4

13. Theoretical foundations 0123 4567 891011 12131415 h-Clique(r, k):

14. Theoretical foundations 0123 4567 891011 12131415 h-Clique(r, k):

15. Theoretical foundations 0123 4567 891011 12131415 h-Clique(r, k):

16. Theoretical foundations 0123 4567 891011 12131415 v-Clique(c, k):

17. Theoretical foundations 0123 4567 891011 12131415 v-Clique(c, k):

18. Theoretical foundations 0123 4567 891011 12131415 dygrid(r, c, k 1, k 2 ) h-Clique(r, k) v-Clique(c, k) A 0 Sink A B 0123 4567 891011 12131415 0123 4567 891011 12131415 B

19. Theoretical foundations Network Sensibility dygrid(r, c, k 1, k 2 ) 012345678 012345678 Network Sensibility A B

20. Theoretical foundations Rendezvous 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 012 345 678 dygrid(r, c, k 1, k 2 ): grid:

21. Queen-MAC Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 Hop Count=1 Hop Count=2 Hop Count=3 Hop Count=4 Select clique h-Clique(r, k) v-Clique(c, k) h-Clique(r, k) v-Clique(c, k)

22. Queen-MAC Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 Hop Count=1 Hop Count=2 Hop Count=3 Hop Count=4 Hop Count=i Wake-up schedule The ratio for area of C i+1 to C i

23. Queen-MAC Wake-up schedule Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4  The ratio for area of C i+1 to C i : A B  The ratio for area of C 4 to C 3 :  Sensor node requires to transmit x packets for report.  Sensor node in count i has to forward F i packets: ..

24. Queen-MAC Wake-up schedule Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 A B  Sensor node in count i has to forward F i packets:  Sensor node requires to transmit x packets for report. 012345678 Time Sensor in count i should select it’s k i as: .. .. .. Time slot

25. Queen-MAC Wake-up schedule Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 A B  Sensor node in count i has to forward F i packets:  Sensor node requires to transmit x packets for report. 012345678 Time Sensor in count i should select it’s k i as: .. .. .. Time slot 012 345 678

26. Queen-MAC Channel assignment The broadcast packet is only from the sink. Channel (2i mod 4):C i receives broadcast packets from C i-1 Channel ((2i+2) mod 4):C i sends broadcast packets to C i+1 Channel ((2i+1) mod 4):C i receives unicast packets from C i+1 Channel ((2i-1) mod 4):C i sends unicast packets to C i-1 Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 A B Count 2Count 3 Receive broadcast packets Ch 0Ch 2 Send broadcast packets Ch 2Ch 0 Receive unicast packets Ch 1Ch 3 Send unicast packets Ch 3Ch 1

27. Queen-MAC Data communication Broadcast packets have higher priority Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 012345678 Time 0 12Data Mini Control Slots Time Slots Count i Receiver broadcast Send broadcast or Send unicast Receiver unicast 0 Data (1) (2) 0 1Data (3) 0 12Data

28. Queen-MAC Data communication Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 012345678 Time Count 1 012345678 Count 2 012345678 Count 3 012345678 Count 4

29. Queen-MAC Data communication Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 E D 0 12Data 0 12 C 1C 2C 2C 3 Receive broadcast Ch 2Ch 0Ch 2 Send broadcast Ch 0Ch 2Ch 0 Receive unicast Ch 3Ch 1Ch 3 Send unicast Ch 1Ch 3Ch 1 Receiver broadcast Send broadcast or Send unicast Receiver unicast Ch 0 broadcast E D DE Ch 2

30. Queen-MAC Data communication Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 E D 0 12Data 012 Receiver broadcast Send broadcast or Send unicast Receiver unicast Ch 0 broadcast Ch 0 C 1C 2C 2C 3 Receive broadcast Ch 2Ch 0Ch 2 Send broadcast Ch 0Ch 2Ch 0 Receive unicast Ch 3Ch 1Ch 3 Send unicast Ch 1Ch 3Ch 1 E D The number of mini control slots in C i = i+2 D E

31. Queen-MAC Data communication Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 A B E D 0 12Data 012 012 012 Receiver broadcast Send broadcast or Send unicast Receiver unicast C 1C 2C 2C 3 Receive broadcast Ch 2Ch 0Ch 2 Send broadcast Ch 0Ch 2Ch 0 Receive unicast Ch 3Ch 1Ch 3 Send unicast Ch 1Ch 3Ch 1 E D A B

32. Queen-MAC Data communication Sink C1C1 C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 B E 012Data 012 Receiver broadcast Send broadcast or Send unicast Receiver unicast C 1C 2C 2C 3 Receive broadcast Ch 2Ch 0Ch 2 Send broadcast Ch 0Ch 2Ch 0 Receive unicast Ch 3Ch 1Ch 3 Send unicast Ch 1Ch 3Ch 1 RTS Ch 1 E B F F CTS E B F

33. Performance evaluation OPNET Modeler 14.0

34. Performance evaluation Impact on energy consumption

35. Performance evaluation Impact on transmission latency

36. Performance evaluation Impact on the transmission success ratio

37. Performance evaluation Effect on the number of groups

38. Performance evaluation Impact of node density

39. Performance evaluation Impact of node density

40. Conclusion A new quorum system, named “dygrid”, is proposed that provides an adaptive and low duty cycle. Simulations in OPNET Modeler 14.0 show that Queen-MAC increases the network lifetime while it reduces network latency.