1. Treason in Shakespeare’s 1 Hen IV and Macbeth Julia Markham TSI 2010

2. Oxford English Dictionary Definition of Treason 1. a. The action of betraying; betrayal of the trust undertaken by or reposed in any one; breach of faith, treacherous action, treachery. Continued…

3. Law. In old English law treason was either high treason, an offence against the king's majesty or the safety of the commonwealth, or petit or petty treason, an offence committed against a subject. Petit treason is now punished only as murder, and high treason is usually styled simply treason. Many acts of high treason are now treated as treason felony. a. high treason or treason proper: Violation by a subject of his allegiance to his sovereign or to the state. 1593 SHAKES. Rich. II, III. iii. 93 Tell Bullingbrooke..That euery stride he makes vpon my Land, Is dangerous Treason.SHAKES.

4. Robert Devereux, earl of Essex

5. Hotspur and the Courtier, 1852 by Edward W. Rainford

6. Essex = Hotspur Essex Hot tempered Impulsive Itching for a fight Lead by his heart, not necessarily by his head Lead an unsuccessful rebellion Hotspur Hot tempered Itching for a fight Lead by his heart and somewhat by his head Lead an unsuccessful rebellion

7. My liege, I did deny no prisoners. But I remember, when the fight was done, When I was dry with rage and extreme toil, Breathless and faint, leaning upon my sword, Came there a certain lord… 1.3 30-34 He questioned me, amongst the rest demanded My prisoners in your majesty’s behalf. I then, all smarting with my wounds being cold, To be so pestered with a popinjay, Out of grief and my impatience Answered neglectingly I know not what— He should, or he should not; for he made me mad… 1.3 48-54 Hotspur

8. Quick facts about the Essex Rebellion The night before, Richard II was performed by the Chamberlain’s Men. As we know, Richard II is about a play where the monarch is overthrown for a new one. Was Essex’s men, one in particular, trying to insight something? This is speculation, but the best man for this description is the earl of Southampton, one of Shakespeare’s patron’s. The following slide will show what happened to the Lord Chamberlain’s Men.

9. From the Calendar of State Papers, domestic, 1598- 1601, vol. 5, Dated: 1601 Feb. 18: Examination of Augustine Phillipps, servant to the Lord Chamberlain and one of his players, before Lord Chief Justice Phpham and Edward Fenner. On Thursday or Friday sevennight, Sir Chas. Percy, Sir Josceline Percy, Lord Monteagle, and several other spoke to some of the players to play the deposing and killing of King Richard II., and promised to give them 40s. more than their ordinary, to do so. Examinate and his fellows had determined to play some other play, holding that of King Richard as being so old and so long out of use that they should hae a small company at it, but at his request they were content to play it.

10. Excerpts of Essex’s last statements before his execution I humbly beseech our Saviour Christ to be the Mediator unto the Eternal Majesty for my pardon; especially for this my last sin yet I confess I have received an honourable trail, and am justly condemned. I humbly beseech thee to assist me in this my last combat… He thanked Her majesty that he should die in so private a manner…