1. Regenerative Braking Systems Presented by Chaitanya G. Gosavi B.E. Mechanical Government Engineering College, Aurangabad

2. Introduction… Energy Crisis

3. Need of Regenerative Braking system… Loss in braking 1500 kg car, 100-0 km/h = 0.16 Kwh

4. Regenerative Braking Systems Mostly used In Hybrid & Electric vehicles

5. Working…

6. Video…

7. System Components…

8. IC Engine Motor Generator 1 (MG1) Motor Generator 2 (MG2) Planetary Gear Set Inverter High Voltage Electronic Control Unit (HV ECU) High Voltage battery (HV Battery)

9. Motor/ Generator 1 (MG) - CVT function - engine starter Motor Generator 2 - Connected to wheels - Used at low speeds Motor/Generator

10. Planetary Gearbox Creates all of the different gear ratios that the transmission can produce The sun gear, The planet gears & The planet gears carrier - The ring gear. Planetary Gearbox

11. Inverter - Current between MG1, MG2 and HV battery - HV battery DC to AC power - Rectifies HV AC from MG1 and MG2 to recharge HV battery. Battery - Toyota Prius – 28 Nickel Metal Hydride - Total Voltage 201.6 V

12. Strategies for RBS… Series braking Series braking with optimal energy recovery Parallel Braking

13. Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) KERS is a device that is set to revolutionize the Automobile sector Transferring the vehicle’s kinetic energy using Flywheel energy storage A KERS flywheel

14. There are basically 2 types of KERS 1] Electronic KERS 2] Mechanical KERS

15. Mechanical KERS Completely based carbon flywheel Linked through CVT to the differential Input disc and opposing output disc Two or three rollers are located inside each toroidal cavity

16. Flybrid KERS Flybrid is complex and integral differential based system Weights 24 kg Flybrid KERS - energy capacity of 400 kJ - (Allowing energy losses) - 64,500 rpm - occupies a volume of 13 liters.

17. KERS in Formula 1….. Formula1 2009 season FIA allowed the use of 60 kW KERS Ferrari, Renault, BMW, and McLaren Energy efficiency - petrol-electric hybrid is about 37%, F1 car with Mechanical KERS is about 60%. FIA restricted power – 60 Kw Actual power delivery capacity – 100Kw

18. Applications of RBS… Electric railway - Virgin Trains, UK -17% Savings - The Delhi Metro - saved 90,000 tons of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) from being released Between 2004-2007 - 112,500 megawatt hours of electricity - expected that Delhi Metro will save over 100,000 tons of CO 2 after comlition of phase II

19. Hybrid & Electric Cars Toyota Prius Chevrolet Volt Tesla Roadster

20. The Future…. Integration - powertrain and brake systems to provide better traction and stability control Integration of ‘Antilock braking systems’ (ABS) with the motor controller

21. To end up with…. RBS and KERS are key for the solution to reduce pollution due to vehicles. Reduction in the fuel losses. Efficient performance.

22. Refreneces Autocar India (Car Magazine) Overdrive (Car Magazine) Top Gear (Car Magzine) SAE Technical paper series Regenerative Braking - William Price http://worldofcarfans.com/ http://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto- parts/brakes/brake-types/regenerative- braking.htm http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/glossary/g/r egenbraking.htm

23. Thank You ! Thank You !