1. Provisions of IDEA LRE FAPE Individualized education (IEP)
Nondiscriminatory testing
Due process
Zero reject / Child Find

2. Learning Disabilities
disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia."

3. Learning Disabilities
1 in 5 persons in the U.S has LD
Majority can be accommodated in general education classes
More boys than girls are found to have LD
Usually identified between 3rd-4th grade
Usually have weaknesses in language area
Often have accompanying attention problems and difficulty with organization

4. Emotional Disabilities
The term means a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance:
An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.
An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

5. Emotional Disabilities
Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.
A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.
A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

6. Other Health Impaired
Definition: The term other health impairment refers to having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, which results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment and to which both of the following provisions apply:
a) Is due to chronic or acute health problems
b) The impairment adversely affects a student's educational performance

7. Developmental Delay
a delay in one or more of the following areas: physical development; cognitive development; communication; social or emotional development; or adaptive [behavioral] development.
Ages two through six

8. Speech language Impairment
Speech and language disorders
refer to problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function.
These delays and disorders range from simple sound substitutions to the inability to understand or use language or use the oral-motor mechanism for functional speech and feeding.

9. Autism
Communication: verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction Social interaction: less responsive to social cues, tend to want to be alone
Sensory integration: may be over or under sensitive
Behavior: perseverate, stereotyped movements, resistant to change in daily routine

10. Intellectual Disabilities: Defining Characteristics
Limitations in intellectual functioning
Limitations in adaptive behavior
Limitations develop before the age of 18
Sustained need for coordinated services and accommodations
Limitations in:
Intellectual functioning
Substantial limitations - to %age OV
Adaptive behavior -
personal independence and social responsibility
based on the environment typical of their age
limitations can exist with strengths in other areas
During the Developmental period
(birth to 18)
otherwise considered TBI
Need for coordinated services:
teachers & specialists, special programs and techniques, and assistive technology

11. Intellectual Disabilities: Defining Characteristics
Slow learning rates
Concrete learning style
Difficulty generalizing to new situations
Difficulty communicating
May have motor delays
Have slow learning rates - may learn skills to sixth grade level by end of high school
Difficulty communicating- speech problems or delays in language development. , use shorter, less complex sentences, or may be difficult to understand

12. Intellectual Disabilities: Traditional Definitions
Mild - IQ 55-70
Moderate
Severe / profound - 35 and below
About 3% of the population

13. Instructional Implications
Be clear about expectations
Functional curriculum
Goals are based on real-life skills
Community -based
Use heterogeneous grouping
Use natural supports
Promote social integration
Functional curriculum
real life skills:
Making purchases
Job skills such as punctuality, using the appropriate voice level
Community-based
using public transportation, going to the bank

14. Sensory Impairments Visual Impairment
Blind/partially sighted
Classroom accommodations
Orientation
Furniture placement
Safety
Instruction
Provide Braille, large print or audio format
Use whiteboard with black marker
Call students by name
Give specific directions
Meet with specialists to determine need
Red rimmed, tearing, or itchy eyes
Eyes turned in, out, up, downward
Extreme sensitivity to light
Tilting or turning head to one side
Squinting or covering one eye
Moving forward to view an object
Visual impairment accommodations are based on extent of visual impairment.
Orientation - Know where everything is, do open doors
Call students by name
so student learns everyone’s voice

15. Sensory Impairments: Hearing Impairment
Hard of hearing/deaf
Classroom accommodations
Face students / stand away from light
Stand in one location
Position student nearby
Write major points on overhead or board
Speak directly to students even with interpreter present
Deaf/Blindness
Possible indicators of hearing problems:
Inattentive
Failure to follow simple directions
Verbal expressions of misunderstanding
Articulation errors
Limited speech/vocabulary
Voice quality

16. Traumatic Brain Injury
Acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child's educational performance. Injuries result in impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech.

17. Physical Disabilities
Cerebral Palsy
Spina Bifida
Epilepsy
Muscular Dystrophy
HIV & AIDS
Cerebral Palsy (largest area of physical disability)
Brain damage before or during birth
Can interfere with head control, arm use, sitting, balance and mobility
Spina Bifida
Spinal cord fails to close
Causes paralysis of body
Does not affect intellect
Epilepsy
Seizure - petit mal-short lapses of consciousness & tonic-clonic or grand mal with convulsions followed by loss of consciousness
Muscular Dystrophy
Weakening and wasting of the body’s muscles
HIV & AIDS