1. Immigration in the U.S.

2. I. Waves of Immigration  Colonial Immigration: 1600s - 1700s  “Old” Immigration: 1787-1850  “New” Immigration: 1850-1924

3. A. Where they came from  Old Immigration Northern and Western Europe (Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia)  New Immigration Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia) East Asia (China, Japan)

4. B. Reasons for Immigration  Economic opportunity  Irish: famine  Germans: political revolution  Italians: economic opportunity  Russian and Polish Jews: escape anti- Semitism, religious persecution

5. C. Areas of Settlement  Irish: Northeastern cities (Boston, New York)  Germans and Scandinavians: Midwest  Eastern and Southern Europeans: Eastern cities, centers of industry  Asians: West coast

8. D. Nativism: Belief in the superiority of one’s home country; desire to restrict immigration and the rights of immigrants  Know Nothing Party: discriminated against Catholics  “Irish need not apply”  Chinese Exclusion Act – limited Chinese immigration  Gentlemen’s Agreement – limited Japanese immigration

9. II. Theories of Immigration  “Melting Pot” Theory – people from various cultures formed a unique American culture. Individual groups aren’t easily distinguishable.  Assimilation – Immigrant cultures disappeared into an already existing American culture  Pluralism (Salad Bowl Theory) – Groups do not lose their distinctive characteristics. Each group contributes in different ways to society.