1. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Instructors:
Dr J. Shanbehzadeh
Kharazmi University

2. Chapter 9 – Morphological Image Processing
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Chapter 9 – Morphological Image Processing
Instructors:
Dr J. Shanbehzadeh

3. 9.6 - Gray-Scale Morphology

4. introduction Structuring elements in gray-scale morphology: Non flat
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Structuring elements in gray-scale morphology:
Non flat
Flat
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

5. Gray-Scale Morphology
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Erosion and Dilation
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

6. Erosion and Dilation (Flat Ses)
Erosion: The minimum value of the image in the region coincident with SE.
This is similar to the correlation procedure.
Dilation: The maximum value of the image in the window outlined by SE. This is analogous to spatial convolution.
Notice: the structuring element is reflected about its origin by using (-s, -t) in the argument of the function
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

7. Erosion and Dilation (Flat Ses)
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

8. Erosion and Dilation (Flat Ses)
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Dilation
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

9. Erosion and Dilation (Non flat Ses)
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Dilation :
Notice: As in the binary case, erosion and dilation are duals with respect to function complementation and reflection
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

10. Gray-Scale Morphology
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

11. Opening and Closing Opening : Closing Series:
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Opening :
Closing Series:
Notice: The opening and closing for gray-scale images are duals with respect to complementation and SE reflection
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

12. Opening and Closing 9.6- introduction 9.6.1 Erosion and Dilation
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

13. Opening and Closing 9.6- introduction 9.6.1 Erosion and Dilation
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

14. Opening and Closing Opening Erosion 9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)
Opening
Erosion

15. Opening and Closing Closing Dilation 9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)
Closing
Dilation

16. Gray-Scale Morphology
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

17. Morphological Smoothing
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Opening:suppresses bright details smaller than the specified SE and closing suppresses dark details.
They are used often in combination as morphological filters for image smoothing and noise removal
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

18. Morphological Smoothing
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

19. Morphological Gradient
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Dilation and erosion can be used in combination with image subtraction to obtain the morphological gradient of an image:
The dilation thickens regions in an image and the erosion shrinks them. Their difference emphasizes the boundaries between regions.
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

20. Morphological Gradient
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

21. Top–hat and Bottom–hat Transformation
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Combining image subtraction with openings and closings results in top-hat and bottom-hat transformations.
Top-hat transformation:
Bottom-hat transformation:
Notice: The top-hat transform is used for light objects on a dark background, and the bottom-hat transform is used for the converse.
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

22. Top–hat and Bottom–hat Transformation
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

23. Granulometry
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Determining the size distribution of particles in an image.
Granulometry consists of applying openings with SEs of increasing size. For each opening, the sum of the pixel values in the opening is computed. To emphasize changes between successive openings, we compute the difference between adjacent elements of the 1-D array. The peaks in the plot are an indication of the size distributions of the particles in the image.
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

24. Granulometry 9.6- introduction 9.6.1 Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

25. Granulometry 9.6- introduction 9.6.1 Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

26. Textural Segmentation
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Finding a boundary between two regions based on their textural content.
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

27. Gray-Scale Morphology
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

28. Gray-Scale Morph. Reconstruction
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Let f and g denote the marker and mask images.
Geodesic dilation of size 1:
^ denotes the point-wise minimum operator.
Geodesic dilation of size n:
Geodesic erosion of size 1:
Geodesic erosion of size n:
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

29. Gray-Scale Morph. Reconstruction
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Morphological reconstruction by dilation:
Morphological reconstruction by erosion:
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

30. Gray-Scale Morph. Reconstruction
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
Opening by reconstruction of size n:
Closing by reconstruction of size n:
( J.Shanbehzadeh)

31. Gray-Scale Morph. Reconstruction
9.6- introduction
Erosion and Dilation
Opening and Closing
Some Basic Gray-Scale Morphological Algorithms
Gray-Scale Morphological Reconstruction
( J.Shanbehzadeh)