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First results from ALICE Christine Nattrass University of Tennessee at Knoxville.

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1 First results from ALICE Christine Nattrass University of Tennessee at Knoxville

2 2 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Exploring QCD at high temperatures F. Karsch, et al. Nucl. Phys. B605 (2001) 579 Confined - fewer degrees of freedom Deconfined - more degrees of freedom ε /T 4 ~ # degrees of freedom T C ~ 175 ±8 MeV →ε C ~ 0.3 -1 GeV/fm 3 2 Quark-gluon plasma

3 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 3 Simple expectations for heavy ion physics at the LHC SPSRHICLHC √s NN (GeV)17200550028x dN ch /dη~700~1200~2000-80002-7x T/T c 1.11.93.0-4.2Hotter ε (GeV/fm 3 )3515-60Denser τ QGP (fm/c)≤2≤22-4>10Longer lived 3

4 4 Size: 16 x 26 meters Weight: 10,000 tons Detectors: 18

5 5 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Pb+Pb collisions Anticipated 2000-8000 tracks in |η|<0.5 Simulation 5

6 6 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Results in p+p Physics in p+p Collect reference data for heavy-ion program Many signals in Pb+Pb measured relative to pp Some require ~ 10 9 minimum-bias events Comprehensive study of minimum bias events at the LHC Testing and improvement of models Particle production (low p T, particle identified data) 6

7 7 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Results in p+p Physics in p+p Collect reference data for heavy-ion program Many signals in Pb+Pb measured relative to pp Some require ~ 10 9 minimum-bias events Comprehensive study of minimum bias events at the LHC Testing and improvement of models Particle production (low p T, particle identified data) Published results  N ch multiplicity & distributions  900 GeV: EPJC: Vol. 65 (2010) 111  900 GeV, 2.36 TeV: EPJC: Vol. 68 (2010) 89  7 TeV: EPJC: Vol. 68 (2010) 345  ` p/p ratio (900 GeV & 7 TeV) PRL: Vol. 105 (2010) 072002  Momentum distributions(900 GeV) PL B: Vol. 693 (2010) 53  Bose-Einstein correlations (900 GeV) PRD: Vol. 82 (2010) 052001 6

8 8 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Results in p+p Prepared for submission  Identified particles ( ,K,p)  Strangeness (K 0, , ,  Ongoing analyses  7 TeV pp spectra, HBT, identified particles, strangeness  High multiplicity   0 and  transverse momentum spectra  Heavy flavour: charm (D 0,D +, D*), c,b  e -  J/  e + e -  pQCD: event topology, 2-particle correlations, jet fragmentation, … 7

9 9 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 dN ch /d  versus √s KLN CGC dN ch /d  versus  √s NonSingleDiffractive all Inelastic Inelastic N ch ≥ 1 in |  |<1 ALICE CMS Relative increase in dN ch /d  Results: increase with energy significantly stronger in data than MC’s - ALICE & CMS agree to within 1  (< 3%) 8

10 10 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Monte Carlo scoreboard 900 GeV 2.36 TeV 7 TeV MC << DataMC ≈ DataMC >> Data 9 dN ch /dη-27%-24%-4%-17% N ch dN ch /dη-24%-21%-2%-8% N ch variable/tuneD6T Perugia0CSCPHOJET dN ch /dη-20%-17%+3%-2% N ch pTpT 0 K 0 S, Λ, ` Λ φ

11 11 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Multiplicity distributions 900 GeV Data from 900 GeV Substantial discrepancies between Monte Carlo and the data Agreement between ALICE & CMS 10

12 12 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Multiplicity distributions 900 GeV ALICE CMS 2.36 TeV Data from 900 GeV, 2.36 TeV Substantial discrepancies between Monte Carlo and the data Agreement between ALICE & CMS 10

13 13 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Multiplicity distributions 900 GeV ALICE CMS 2.36 TeV7 TeV Data from 900 GeV, 2.36 TeV, and 7 TeV Substantial discrepancies between Monte Carlo and the data Agreement between ALICE & CMS 10

14 14 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Monte Carlo scoreboard 900 GeV 2.36 TeV 7 TeV MC << DataMC ≈ DataMC >> Data 11 dN ch /dη-27%-24%-4%-17% N ch N ch >30 dN ch /dη-24%-21%-2%-8% N ch N ch >1 0 N ch >5 N ch >20 N ch >15 variable/tuneD6T Perugia0CSCPHOJET dN ch /dη-20%-17%+3%-2% N ch N ch >10N ch >5N ch >15N ch >10 pTpT K 0 S, Λ, ` Λ φ

15 15 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Momentum distributions at 900 GeV p T distribution 12

16 16 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Momentum distributions at 900 GeV p T distribution 12

17 17 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Momentum distributions at 900 GeV p T distribution 12

18 18 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Monte Carlo scoreboard 900 GeV 2.36 TeV 7 TeV MC << DataMC ≈ DataMC >> Data 13 dN ch /dη-27%-24%-4%-17% N ch N ch >30 dN ch /dη-24%-21%-2%-8% N ch N ch >1 0 N ch >5 N ch >20 N ch >15 variable/tuneD6T Perugia0CSCPHOJET dN ch /dη-20%-17%+3%-2% N ch N ch >10N ch >5N ch >15N ch >10 pTpT p T > 4 GeV/cp T > 1 GeV/c K 0 S, Λ, ` Λ φ

19 19 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 versus multiplicity Substantial discrepancies between Monte Carlo and the data 14

20 20 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Monte Carlo scoreboard 900 GeV 2.36 TeV 7 TeV MC << DataMC ≈ DataMC >> Data 15 dN ch /dη-27%-24%-4%-17% N ch N ch >30 dN ch /dη-24%-21%-2%-8% N ch N ch >1 0 N ch >5 N ch >20 N ch >15 variable/tuneD6T Perugia0CSCPHOJET dN ch /dη-20%-17%+3%-2% N ch N ch >10N ch >5N ch >15N ch >10 pTpT p T > 4 GeV/cp T > 1 GeV/c p T > 1 GeV/c K 0 S, Λ, ` Λ φ

21 21 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Vertex detector p T (min)<100MeV/c TOF 150k channels!  ≈ 90 ps TPC dE/dx  ≈5-6% No vertex cut ! Particle identification 16

22 22 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Identified particle spectra Identified Particle p T  K p ITS dE/dx TPC dE/dx TOF 17

23 23 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Identified particle spectra Identified Particle p T  K p ITS dE/dx TPC dE/dx TOF 3 detectors Good agreement 17

24 24 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Identified particle spectra Identified Particle p T  K p ITS dE/dx TPC dE/dx TOF Kaon p T distributions stable & decays K →  K 0 S →  3 detectors Good agreement 17

25 25 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Identified particle spectra Identified Particle p T  K p ITS dE/dx TPC dE/dx TOF Kaon p T distributions stable & decays K →  K 0 S →  3 detectors Good agreement 5 methods for measuring kaons 17

26 26 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 ` p/p ratio 900 GeV |y|<0.5 7 TeV |y|<0.5 0.9 TeV:`p/p = 0.957±0.006(stat) ±0.014(syst) 7 TeV: `p/p = 0.990±0.006(stat) ±0.014(syst) 18

27 27 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Strange particles at 900 GeV K 0 S →  19

28 28 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Strange particles at 900 GeV K 0 S →   →p  19

29 29 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Strange particles at 900 GeV K 0 S →   →p  19  → 

30 30 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Strange particles at 900 GeV K 0 S →   →p  19  →KK  → 

31 31 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Strange particles at 900 GeV K 0 S →   →p  19  →KK  →  PYTHIA and PHOJET consistently below data

32 32 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Monte Carlo scoreboard 900 GeV 2.36 TeV 7 TeV MC << DataMC ≈ DataMC >> Data MC <<<< Data 20 dN ch /dη-27%-24%-4%-17% N ch N ch >30 dN ch /dη-24%-21%-2%-8% N ch N ch >1 0 N ch >5 N ch >20 N ch >15 variable/tuneD6T Perugia0CSCPHOJET dN ch /dη-20%-17%+3%-2% N ch N ch >10N ch >5N ch >15N ch >10 pTpT p T > 4 GeV/cp T > 1 GeV/c p T > 1 GeV/c K 0 S, Λ, ` Λ φ

33 33 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Monte Carlo scoreboard 900 GeV 2.36 TeV 7 TeV Conclusion: None of the tested MC’s (adjusted at lower energy) does really well Tuning one or two results is doable, getting everything right will require more effort (and may, with some luck, actually teach us something on soft QCD rather than only turning knobs). MC << DataMC ≈ DataMC >> Data MC <<<< Data 20 dN ch /dη-27%-24%-4%-17% N ch N ch >30 dN ch /dη-24%-21%-2%-8% N ch N ch >1 0 N ch >5 N ch >20 N ch >15 variable/tuneD6T Perugia0CSCPHOJET dN ch /dη-20%-17%+3%-2% N ch N ch >10N ch >5N ch >15N ch >10 pTpT p T > 4 GeV/cp T > 1 GeV/c p T > 1 GeV/c K 0 S, Λ, ` Λ φ

34 34 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010  K 0 S  ratio at 900 GeV |  | < 1 Very good agreement between STAR (200 GeV) and ALICE (900 GeV) Very different from CDF (630/1800) and UA1 (630) for p T > 1.5 GeV - UA1(630) and CDF(630) don’t agree either … Different triggers, acceptance, feed-down correction? 21

35 35 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 More to come...    →  7 TeV  →   →  < 2% of statistics at 7 TeV    →  7 TeV 22

36 36 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Bose-Einstein correlations QM enhancement of identical Bosons at small momentum difference: E nhancement of e.g. like-sign pions at low momentum difference q inv =|p 1 -p 2 | ➡ M easure the space-time evolution of the dense matter formed in heavy-ion collisions. ➡ I nterpretation for “small systems” (p+p, e + +e - ) is less obvious... Pb+Au p+p radius ~/width 23

37 37 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Bose-Einstein correlations QM enhancement of identical Bosons at small momentum difference: E nhancement of e.g. like-sign pions at low momentum difference q inv=|p 1 -p 2 | ➡ M easure the space-time evolution of the dense matter formed in heavy-ion collisions. ➡ I nterpretation for “small systems” (p+p, e + +e - ) is less obvious... Pb+Au p+p radius ~/width Source radius vs N ch PRD: Vol. 82 (2010) 052001ource radius 23

38 38 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 D 0 and D + dN/dp t - Most of the cross section at low p T - Shape at low p T very uncertain - 10 9 MB events => measure below 1 GeV (PID important at low p T !) 24

39 39 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 J/  production  at 7 TeV Measurement of J/ψ over wide pseudorapidity range Rapidity spectra Transverse-momentum spectra J/  → e + e - |y| < 1 J/  →    , y = 2.5–4.0 25

40 40 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 J/  production  at 7 TeV (ICHEP 2010) very good agreement with LHCb pt spectra and cross section cross-section measurement in central–forward regions match 26

41 41 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Electromagnetic calorimeter EMCal: -0.7 <η< 0.7, 80°<φ< 120° in 2010 → 80°<φ< 180° in January 2011 – Ahead of schedule! DCAL: -0.7 <η< 0.7, 260°<φ< 320° in 2013 Access to di-jets, γ-jet, improve p T reach of e ± 27

42 42 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Conclusions Results from p+p collisions Multiplicity, spectra  p/p ratio Identified particles  π.K,p  K 0 S,Λ  Ξ,Ω,Σ*,K*  D ± D 0 J/  Bose-Einstein correlations Improve our understanding of p+p collisions Monte Carlos need improvement Eagerly awaiting Pb+Pb 28

43 43 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 Backup slides

44 44 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 The ALICE Collaboration US ALICE 11 Institutions53 members (inc. 12 grad. Students) Cal. St. U. –San Luis Obispo, Creighton University,University of Houston, Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab,Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab,Ohio State University, Purdue University, University of Tennessee, Wayne State University,Yale University ~1000Members 63% from CERN member states ~30Countries ~100Institutes ~150MCHF capital cost (+magnet)

45 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 45 Oct 2008 Split J. Schukraft 45

46 46 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 EMCal Lead-scintillator sampling calorimeter 13 k towers Each tower ΔηXΔφ= 0.014 X 0.014 Shashlik geometry Avalanche phototodiodes Δη=1.4,Δφ=107º σ(E)/E=0.12/√E + 0.02 Current coverage: Δη=1.4,Δφ=39º (R≈0.3 max) Full calorimeter installation scheduled for 2012

47 47 Christine Nattrass (UTK), US LHC User's Meeting, Oct. 29, 2010 ALICE detectors and acceptance Central barrel-0.9 < η < 0.9 Δφ = 2π tracking, PID (TPC/ITS/TRD/ToF) single arm RICH (HMPID) single arm e.m. cal (PHOS) jet calorimeter (EMCal) Forward muon arm-2.4 < η < -4 absorber, 3 T-m dipole magnet 5 tracking + 2 trigger planes Multiplicity detectors-3.4 < η < 5 including photon counting in PMD Trigger & timing detectors 6 Zero Degree Calorimeters T0:ring of quartz window PMT's V0:ring of scintillator Paddles Beam pipe η = -ln(tan( ѳ /2)) η=3 η=1 η=2 η=4 η=0 ALICE TPC Pseudorapidity η = -ln(tan( ѳ /2))-6-4-202468 -5-31357

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