1. Methods of soil study I. The lithosphere and the soil as power equipment and hazard 8.

2. 1. Field studying Soil profile at a roadSoil profile at a foundation of building Soils are landscape entities that reflect geomorphic, pedologic, and hydrologic processes and parent material distribution. Thus, site selection, regardless of purpose, must consider soilscape relationships

3. Soil profiles, soil cores Soil profile (forrás: www.enfo.agt.bme.hu) Hand soil core (forrás: www.enfo.agt.bme.hu)

4. Analyses of soil profile During the analyses of soil profile, for each layer, record the observation method by which the primary observations are made. Description of soil profile is determined by laws. The following data have to be attend on the documents: Basic data: - GPS coordinates - Geomorphic environment - Reluef - Slope - Vegetation - Deep of soil profile/thickness of mould horizon - morphology of soil profile Genetic horizons Boundary of soil horizons in chernozem

5. Colour Possible colour of soils on the Munsell scale

6. Characteristic forms of soil structure (STEFANOVITS ET AL. 1999) Soil structure

7. Other characteristics: texture consistence rock fragments soil crusts concentration roots animal burrows CaCO 3 pH soil moisture Rock fragments in soil Lime concretions in loess Dense roots in soil

8. 2. Soil sampling The most effective and efficient strategy for sampling is by horizon. Variations in soil properties may occur within a horizon, but distinct differences generally occur between horizons. Consequently, soil horizons are a meaningful and comparable schema for sample collection.

9. Thank you for your attention!