1. www.jst.umn.edu Chemical Substitutions To eliminate / minimize hazards Common Substitutions and Evaluating a Potential Substitution

2. www.jst.umn.edu Common Chemical Substitutions Instead of :Consider: BenzeneToluene, Cyclohexane, Ketones Carbon tetrachloride1,1,1- trichloroethane or Isopropyl alcohol Diethyl ether (extractions)Hexanes Chromate ion (oxidation)Hypochlorite ion Formaldehyde (bio preservation)Ethanol or commercial product (ex. Formalternate) MethanolEthanol, anhydrous Mineral oilSilicon oil K or Na (reactive group 1 metals)Ca or Mg Strong Acid (HCl) / Base (OH - )Acetic acid / bicarbonate Benzoyl peroxide (catalyst)30% Hydrogen peroxide or Lauroyl Peroxide 2 Chemical Substitution. Health Canada, Environmental and Workplace Health. Accessed 8 Jan 2014. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh- semt/occup-travail/whmis-simdut/substitution-eng.php Stroud, L.M. Substitution of a more hazardous chemical by a less hazardous chemical. Science and Safety Consulting Services. Accessed 8 Jan 2014 www.sciencesafetyconsulting.com/pdf/chemical_substitutions.pdf

3. www.jst.umn.edu Considering a Potential Substitute 3 Substitution of Chemicals – Considerations for Selection. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. Updated 1 March 2009. Accessed 8 Jan 2013. http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/substitution.html Is the replacement less hazardous ? (health, fire, corrosivity, reactivity, etc.) Ensure one hazard is not exchanged for another. Hazards Read SDS Does it meet the process requirements? Is it likely to work? Effectiveness Evaluate & Compare Is the new substance adequately controlled by the existing system? (ventilation, vapor pressure, temperature, flash point, flammability, etc.) Control Measures Does it interfere or react with other materials or the equipment? Compatibility

4. www.jst.umn.edu More Resources Transitioning to Safer Chemicals. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Accessed 8 Jan 2014, https://www.osha.gov/dsg/safer_chemicals/basics.html https://www.osha.gov/dsg/safer_chemicals/basics.html IC2 Safer Alternative Assessments. Accessed 8 Jan 2014, http://www.ic2saferalternatives.org/ http://www.ic2saferalternatives.org/ Chemical Substitution. Health Canada, Environmental and Workplace Health. Accessed 8 Jan 2014, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/occup- travail/whmis-simdut/substitution-eng.phphttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/occup- travail/whmis-simdut/substitution-eng.php Stroud, L.M. Substitution of a more hazardous chemical by a less hazardous chemical. Science and Safety Consulting Services. Accessed 8 Jan 2014, www.sciencesafetyconsulting.com/pdf/chemical_substitutions.pdf www.sciencesafetyconsulting.com/pdf/chemical_substitutions.pdf 4