2. 19 th Century Responses to Liberalism Utopian Socialism, Socialism and Karl Marx (Marxism)

3. Socialist Ideologies An ideology based on collectivist values Specifics  Resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society and not by private interests and not for the benefit of the individual  Economic equality  Security  Cooperation  Control and direction in the economy Developed out of a want ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

4. Socialist Ideologies Utopian Socialism: __________________, Charles Fourier, Claude St Simon, Horace Greeley Marxism: ______________________________

5. Socialist Views Towards Industrial Revolution Did not need violence to achieve social justice. Elimination of private property, competition, capitalism, and machinery. Only _________________________________. Collective ownership. ___________________________________.

6. The Birth of Socialism By 1851, 50% of people in England were living in cities leading to bad living conditions such as: open ___________________. sewage in drinking water (cholera outbreaks) unsanitary streets over crowding houses were built near factories- led to slums family members were living in one room apartments. _______________________ millions of poor working class people working long hours.

7. Robert Owen – The Utopian Socialist Individuals such as Robert Owen in Great Britain, Charles Fourier and Claude Saint- Simon in France, and Horace Greeley in the United States believed that education and improved working conditions could peacefully eradicate the worst aspects of capitalism, and lead to an ideal socialist society where all could live happily. Robert Owen was part of a group that became known as the Utopian Socialists. They were essentially humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist states of the time (idealist rather than pragmatic) Utopian socialists _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ____________________________________ Robert Owen’s city of New Lanark. Schools and comfortable housing were provided for workers.

8. Beliefs of Socialists Unlike Utopians, _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Beliefs ranged from moderate and democratic social reform to radical revolutionary Marxism. However, socialists agreed on the following principles: Private ownership of the means of production permits exploitation The state should direct the economy to achieve economic equality for all citizens Society should be classless

9. Marxism – Based on the work of MARX Radical form of socialism. Also termed __________________________________. Many of Marx’s ideas were socialist and collectivist in nature, but many of _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Marx believed that society would undergo a major revolution in order for the proletariat to rule. See Figure 4- 6, page 136

10. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Father of Communism Saw Industrial Revolution and its emphasis on capitalism as evil. There are two classes of society: 1)_____________________ (owners of the means of production or capital) and 2) _______________ (those who sold their labor for wages or working class poor). Bourgeoisie ______________________. Capitalists become rich at the expense of the poor.

11. Written in 1848, became one of the most influential political pieces of writing of all time. Is the foundation of Communist ideology. Calls for the ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ i.e., (Proletariat uprising against Bourgeoisie). Seeks to make society classless, stateless and with social organization.

12. Continued…. The abolition of private property and the centralization of the means of production (such as factories and machinery) in ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Also known as ________________________________________ (government planners make decisions and means of production are owned by the state.)

13. Socialism and Marxism,while sharing common views, differed greatly in the ways that their goal of transforming liberal capitalist society should be achieved…___________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ As a result, Marxist thought was not as widely accepted in classical liberal society Socialism, which favoured reform, was more popular By the 1930s, Marxism gained some popularity in places such as France and USSR (obviously!).