1. Milady Standard Cosmetology
Skin Disorders and Diseases

2. Disorders and Diseases of the Skin Lesions of the Skin
Lesion: Mark on the skin that may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.
Can be as simple as a freckle or as dangerous as a skin cancer.
Can indicate skin disorders or diseases as well as other internal diseases.

3. Disorders and Diseases of the Skin Primary Lesions of the Skin
Primary lesions: Different color than the color of the skin and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.
Bulla
Cyst
Macule

4. Disorders and Diseases of the Skin Primary Lesions of the Skin
Nodule
Papule
Pustule
Tubercle
Tumor
Vesicle
Wheal

5. Disorders and Diseases of the Skin Secondary Lesions
Secondary skin lesions: Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer.

6. Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
Open comedo: also blackhead; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.
Closed comedo: Also whitehead; appears as a small bump just under the skin surface.

7. Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
Milia: Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.
Acne: Also acne vulgaris; characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria.

8. Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
Sebaceous cyst: Protruding lesion filled with sebum.
Seborrheic dermatitis: Inflammation of sebaceous glands.
Rosacea: Characterized by telangiectasis.

9. Disorders of the Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
Anhidrosis: Deficiency in perspiration.
Bromhidrosis: Foul-smelling perspiration.
Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating.
Miliaria rubra: Also prickly heat; characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.

10. Inflammations and Common Infections of the Skin
Conjunctivitis: Also pinkeye; bacterial eye infection.
Dermatitis: Any inflammatory skin condition.
Eczema: Characterized by inflammation, scaling, and severe itching.

11. Inflammations and Common Infections of the Skin
Herpes simplex: Recurring viral infection, often presents as a fever blister or cold sore.
Impetigo: Characterized by weeping lesions.
Psoriasis: Characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales.

12. Pigment Disorders of the Skin
Dyschromias: Abnormal colorations, that may accompany skin disorders.
Hyperpigmentation: Dark spots.
Hypopigmentation: Light or white splotches.
Albinism: Absence of melanin pigment.
Chloasma: Also liver spots; hyperpigmentation in spot.

13. Pigment Disorders of the Skin
Lentigines: Freckles.
Nevus: Also birthmark; caused by abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.
Stain: Abnormal brown-colored or wine-colored skin discoloration.

14. Pigment Disorders of the Skin
Leukoderma: Light abnormal patches.
Tan: Pigmentation change from exposure to sun or UV light.
Vitiligo: Hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin; may be related to thyroid conditions.

15. Hypertrophies of the Skin
Hypertrophy: Abnormal growth.
Keratoma: Thickened patch of epidermis.
Mole: Brownish spot.
Skin tag: Small brown- or flesh-colored outgrowth.
Verruca: Also wart, hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis.

16. Skin Cancer
Basal cell carcinoma: Most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, often characterized by light or pearly nodules.
Squamous cell carcinoma: Often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.

17. Skin Cancer
Malignant melanoma: Most dangerous skin cancer, characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

18. Acne and Problem Skin
Acne is a disorder affected by two major factors: heredity and hormones.
Retention hyperkeratosis: Hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle.
Oiliness of the skin is also hereditary.
Propionibacterium acnes are anaerobic: these bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

19. Acne and Problem Skin Acne Treatment
Use of cleansers formulated for oily skin.
Use of follicle exfoliants.
Avoidance of fatty skin care and cosmetic products.
Use noncomedogenic products.
Avoid harsh products, do not over clean acne-prone skin.
Mild and moderate cases of acne are often treated by trained salon and spa professionals.

20. Aging Skin Issues
Intrinsic factors: Skin-aging factors over which we have little control.
Genetic aging
Gravity
Facial expressions
Extrinsic factors: Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.
Sun exposure
Smoking
Drug use
Cumulative stress
Overuse of alcoholic beverages
Poor nutrition
Pollution exposure

21. The Sun and Its Effects
UVA rays: Also aging rays; deep-penetrating rays that can even go through a glass window.
UVB rays: Also burning rays; cause sunburns, tanning of the skin, and majority of skin cancers.
Prevention:
Avoid sun exposure
Use broad spectrum sunscreen

22. Contact Dermatitis Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis: Skin inflammation caused by contact with chemicals or substances.
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD): Allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact.
Common places for allergic contact dermatitis:
On the fingers, palms, or on the back of the hand.
On the face, especially the cheeks.
On the scalp, hairline, forehead, or neckline.

23. Contact Dermatitis Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD): When irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis, not usually chronic if precautions are taken.
To prevent both types of occupational contact dermatitis, use gloves or utensils when working with irritating chemicals.

24. Contact Dermatitis Protect Yourself
Take extreme care to keep brush handles, containers, and table tops clean and free from product, dust, and residue.
Wear protective gloves whenever using products known to cause irritant or allergic contact dermatitis.
Keep your hands clean and moisturized.