1. Reporter:Chia-Wei Lin ( 林家瑋 ) Teacher:Wei-Tung Liao Date:2014/06/04

2. Outline Introduction Materials Experimental Results and discussion Conclusions

3. Outline Introduction Materials Experimental Results and discussion Conclusions

4. Introduction(1) Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used polyolefin owing to its low cost, properties such as stiffness, low specific gravity, non-toxicity and resistance to corrosive chemicals Although PP functionalisation can be carried out in a number of ways, the melt-state or reactive extrusion technique is preferred because of its low cost, ease of control and potential for high reaction rates

5. Introduction(2) Process monitoring can yield a large amount of information regarding the structure of products, the kinetics of the reaction, the concentration of the monomers or products, the morphology and rheology of the polymer such as viscosity and the molecular weight, the flow properties, concentration of additives and colour of the products

6. Outline Introduction Materials Experimental Results and discussion Conclusions

7. Materials PP Maleic anhydride (MAH) monomer Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) Dibutylhydroxyphenylpropionic acid stearyl ester

8. Outline Introduction Materials Experimental Results and discussion Conclusions

9. Experimental Thermo Haake Minilab Rheomex CTW5 laboratory scale extruder connected to a Nicolet Nexus NIR spectrometer PP pellets, monomer(s) (3.5~7 wt%), and initiator (0.25~0.5 wt%). and then a total of 4 g of the mixture was introduced to the Minilab extruder The temperature of the cylinder was set at 200,210,220 0 C The screw speed was fixed at 30 rpm. For 90 min collected NIR spectrum and a viscosity measurement were every 2 min

10. Experimental Purification 1.In the first method 20–30 mg of the sample was placed in an oven under high vacuum, at 110 C for 24 h 2. In the second method A small amount of sample was dissolved in xylene at 140 C, refluxed for 4 h and the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 110 C for 24 h..

11. Outline Introduction Materials Experimental Results and discussion Conclusions

12. Results and discussion -(C=O)

13. Results and discussion

22. Conclusions The similarity between these results demonstrated that the presence of DCP does not change the mechanism of the reaction. no change in viscosity occurred during 15 min graft processing in the absence of DCP or in the presence of low concentrations of DCP (<0.25 wt%), where a further decrease in viscosity occurred after 15 min It was found that the presence of the initiator DCP increased the concentration of macro-radicals and led to a large increase in scission reactions resulting in a dramatic reduction in melt viscosity

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