1. 1 Copyright 2006 OLI Systems, Inc. All Rights reserved The materials displayed here are provided to the lessees, selected individuals and agents of OLI systems, Inc. The material may not be duplicated or otherwise provided to any entity without the expressed permission of OLI Systems, Inc.

2. 2 Part 01

3. 3 The ESP package consists of four main programs. These are: OLI Databook ESP/Process OLI/Toolkit CSP/Stability OLI Programs

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7 Model Generation The generation of Chemistry models is an central theme throughout the OLI software. The following is an overview of the necessary steps required to generate a model:

8. 8

9. 9 Unit Operations Unit operations are the core to ESP/Process. The following diagrams illustrate some of the features of each block.

10. 10 Unit Operations

11. 11 Unit Operations Mixer

12. 12 Unit Operations Mixer Up to 7 inlet streams 1 outlet stream Calculations Available Adiabatic Isothermal Bubble point Temperature or Pressure Dew point Temperature or Pressure Vapor rate or fraction

13. 13 Unit Operations Separator

14. 14 Unit Operations Separator Up to 7 inlet streams 4 phase separations may be determined Incomplete separations (entrainment) can be specified for all phases All “Mixer Block” calculations are supported.

15. 15 Unit Operations Absorber

16. 16 Unit Operations Absorber Types Aqueous (standard) Aqueous with Mass Transfer Non-Aqueous Stages Theoretical Maximum = 50 Stage efficiencies (Muphree) may be specified

17. 17 Unit Operations Absorber Mass Transfer coefficients may be specified Maximum of 10 inlet streams Condenser and/or Reboiler may be added Condenser types Total Partial Decanter Pump-arounds

18. 18 Unit Operations Absorber Heat Exchanges on a stage Side Draws Specifications and Controllers Block Reports Composition on a stage Temperature, Pressure, Flowrate, Heat Duty on a stage Scaling Tendencies on a stage

19. 19 Unit Operations Neutralizer

20. 20 Unit Operations Neutralizer Normally used to set a stream pH Reagent stream (pictured at top of block) flowrate is varied to match the Set Point pH. Adiabatic Up to 7 inlet streams (not including the reagent stream) 1 outlet stream Reagent stream can not be from elsewhere in the process.

21. 21 Unit Operations Activated Sludge Bioreactor Simple configuration

22. 22 Unit Operations Activated Sludge Bioreactor Simple configuration Requires bioreaction chemistry model Adiabatic or Isothermal Bioreaction constants are adjustable Block Reports Substrate Utilization Heat Duty (Isothermal) Nutrient Requirements Concentrations Design Warnings

23. 23 Unit Operations Controller (Feed Back)

24. 24 Unit Operations Controller (Feed Back) Determines specified value in target stream Computes the difference between the value and the Set Point Adjusts a block parameter based on the difference. The block is upstream of the controller Possible specified values Temperature Pressure pH Flowrate Composition

25. 25 Unit Operations Manipulate

26. 26 Unit Operations Manipulate Types Flow Component Adjusts the flow or composition by multiplying the flow by a factor: Flow inlet * Factor = Flow outlet The factor is frequently adjusted by a controller

27. 27 Summary In this section we discussed: How a chemistry model is created mathematically The components of the software and the architecture The Unit operations and a brief description of each block.

28. Part 2

29. 29 Controllers/Recycles Consider the NEUTRAL1 process Mix 1Sep 1 Neut 1 pH 9

30. 30 Controllers/Recycles Neutralizer Blocks may not be suitable if: –To control the pH you must adjust another upstream or downstream block. –The set point may be an impossible case –You need to control something other than pH

31. 31 Looks like this may be a constant pH This may be an impossible pH

32. 32 Solid NaHCO 3 is forming

33. 33

34. 34 You can control –pH –Temperature –Pressure –Flow –Concentration –Oxidation/Reduction Potential Controllers/Recycles

35. 35 Controllers/Recycles Delete the neutralizer Mix 1Sep 1

36. 36 Controllers/Recycles Insert the Manipulator Mix 1Sep 1 Manip

37. 37 Controllers/Recycles Insert the new “Neutralizer” Mix Block Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

38. 38 Controllers/Recycles Add the controller Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

39. 39 Controllers/Recycles Adding the Recycle and additional blocks Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut Tear

40. Part 2

41. 41 Controllers/Recycles Consider the NEUTRAL1 process Mix 1Sep 1 Neut 1 pH 9

42. 42 Controllers/Recycles Neutralizer Blocks may not be suitable if: –To control the pH you must adjust another upstream or downstream block. –The set point may be an impossible case –You need to control something other than pH

43. 43 Looks like this may be a constant pH This may be an impossible pH

44. 44 Solid NaHCO 3 is forming

45. 45

46. 46 You can control –pH –Temperature –Pressure –Flow –Concentration –Oxidation/Reduction Potential Controllers/Recycles

47. 47 Controllers/Recycles Delete the neutralizer Mix 1Sep 1

48. 48 Controllers/Recycles Insert the Manipulator Mix 1Sep 1 Manip

49. 49 Controllers/Recycles Insert the new “Neutralizer” Mix Block Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

50. 50 Controllers/Recycles Add the controller Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

51. 51 Controllers/Recycles Adding the Recycle and additional blocks Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut Tear

52. Part 2

53. 53 Controllers/Recycles Consider the NEUTRAL1 process Mix 1Sep 1 Neut 1 pH 9

54. 54 Controllers/Recycles Neutralizer Blocks may not be suitable if: –To control the pH you must adjust another upstream or downstream block. –The set point may be an impossible case –You need to control something other than pH

55. 55 Looks like this may be a constant pH This may be an impossible pH

56. 56 Solid NaHCO 3 is forming

57. 57

58. 58 You can control –pH –Temperature –Pressure –Flow –Concentration –Oxidation/Reduction Potential Controllers/Recycles

59. 59 Controllers/Recycles Delete the neutralizer Mix 1Sep 1

60. 60 Controllers/Recycles Insert the Manipulator Mix 1Sep 1 Manip

61. 61 Controllers/Recycles Insert the new “Neutralizer” Mix Block Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

62. 62 Controllers/Recycles Add the controller Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

63. 63 Controllers/Recycles Adding the Recycle and additional blocks Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut Tear

64. Part 2

65. 65 Controllers/Recycles Consider the NEUTRAL1 process Mix 1Sep 1 Neut 1 pH 9

66. 66 Controllers/Recycles Neutralizer Blocks may not be suitable if: –To control the pH you must adjust another upstream or downstream block. –The set point may be an impossible case –You need to control something other than pH

67. 67 Looks like this may be a constant pH This may be an impossible pH

68. 68 Solid NaHCO 3 is forming

69. 69

70. 70 You can control –pH –Temperature –Pressure –Flow –Concentration –Oxidation/Reduction Potential Controllers/Recycles

71. 71 Controllers/Recycles Delete the neutralizer Mix 1Sep 1

72. 72 Controllers/Recycles Insert the Manipulator Mix 1Sep 1 Manip

73. 73 Controllers/Recycles Insert the new “Neutralizer” Mix Block Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

74. 74 Controllers/Recycles Add the controller Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut

75. 75 Controllers/Recycles Adding the Recycle and additional blocks Mix 1Sep 1 Manip Neut Tear