1. Tayeesa and Anna Gel Electrophoresis

2. The process:  Restriction enzymes cut DNA of interest  The pieces of restricted DNA are placed into the wells on the gel.  Then a voltage (current) is placed on the agarose gel, this happens by electrodes on both ends.  The current separates the macromolecules by size and charge. (they move at different speeds depending on size)  Negative moves towards positive end. (Anode)

3. Visualize the Process:

4. Blot: -Capillary action pulls an alkaline solution through the gel - transfers DNA through paper - denatures it -single strands of DNA stick to the paper

5. PCR Denaturing the double strand  polymerase chain reaction  multiplies pieces of DNA  exponential multiplication of DNA  PCR makes enough DNA to do Gel Electrophoresis on

6. Nylon Filter  Sits on top of gel  filter paper takes up genetic material  process of blot  Basically sucks up the genetic information  Used to make the results readable

7. Radioactive Probe/ X Ray film  paper plot exposed to solution containing radioactively labeled probe  the probe is a single stranded dna that is complementary to dna sequence of interest  attaches by base pairing to restriction fragments

8. Problems  If it is not recognized by restriction enzymes:  would be a long band  If a scientist puts it on the wrong side then the gel  would not move  Notice no lines

9. When would you use gel electrophesis  Visualize DNA  see changes in a person’s DNA  recognize what is not the same between two pieces of DNA  crime scenes

10. Works Cited https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/72/47672-004-4E16B61F.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.britannica.com/science/gel- electrophoresis&h=270&w=593&tbnid=cfSMX7AMBJVIMM:&docid=9p_2nTcYHGYqfM&ei=QjqvVtigJ4Wp-QGw6JDwBA&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwjYye2VtNbKAhWFVD4KHTA0BE4QMwgyKAAwAA https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjt_- nPtdbKAhXGWT4KHcDJA1AQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fenfo.agt.bme.hu%2Fdrupal%2Fen%2Fnode%2F8926&bvm=bv.113034660,d.cWw&psig=AFQjCNGuVWA- MZ07BjwizNhOB22LQ47dyw&ust=1454411074670262 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjlsqCSt9bKAhXLNj4KHRnlD08QjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNort hern_blot&bvm=bv.113034660,d.cWw&psig=AFQjCNEnF_x2Bdd6Xv5Z1ZQsLy_JXS6z_g&ust=1454411258029818 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi93uLQt9bKAhVFWj4KHcVdBE8QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdnafingerprinting19.tripod.com% 2Fid1.html&bvm=bv.113034660,d.cWw&psig=AFQjCNF8OYovkCdvYyxee5_mb_RLKcmQwA&ust=1454411549779973 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjDosKAuNbKAhXMaD4KHVyEClAQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbiology.stackexchange.com%2F questions%2F16290%2Fhow-do-i-get-a-brighter-dna-bands&bvm=bv.113034660,d.cWw&psig=AFQjCNFe8TPNq49HHLrD_bIUb6aTUsasFA&ust=1454411715077299 https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.copewithcytokines.de/PCRgel.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key%3DRT- PCR%2520quantitation%2520of%2520cytokines&h=259&w=361&tbnid=FkK8bri71avGPM:&docid=uRaizcX1160IgM&ei=nT6vVtHcDoa3- AHfuYX4BA&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwiRn6upuNbKAhWGGz4KHd9cAU8QMwgtKBEwEQ Our textbook is where we gained most of the knowledge. GO BIO!