1. Next Back MAP MAP F-1 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Extended Learning Module F Object Oriented Technologies

2. Next Back MAP MAP F-2 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Main Map Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

3. Next Back MAP MAP F-3 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Introduction The explosion of object-oriented (OO) technologies is radically changing the way businesses view information and develop information systems The explosion of object-oriented (OO) technologies is radically changing the way businesses view information and develop information systems Every single Fortune 500 company is using some type of this technology Every single Fortune 500 company is using some type of this technology

4. Next Back MAP MAP F-4 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Introduction Historically, computer systems were viewed as logical procedures Historically, computer systems were viewed as logical procedures Object-oriented computer systems view information as sets of objects that are manipulated Object-oriented computer systems view information as sets of objects that are manipulated Objects are anything you need to store and manipulate information on such as people, animals, employees, students …. Objects are anything you need to store and manipulate information on such as people, animals, employees, students ….

5. Next Back MAP MAP F-5 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

6. Next Back MAP MAP F-6 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Traditional Technology Approach Traditional technology approach - has two primary views of any system – information and procedures – and it keeps these two views separate and distinct at all times. Traditional technology approach - has two primary views of any system – information and procedures – and it keeps these two views separate and distinct at all times.

7. Next Back MAP MAP F-7 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Traditional Technology Approach Information View Information view - includes all of the information stored within a system. Information view - includes all of the information stored within a system. Figure F.1 Student Grading Systems: Separate Information and Procedure Views page 473

8. Next Back MAP MAP F-8 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Traditional Technology Approach Procedure View Procedure - manipulates or changes information. Procedure - manipulates or changes information. Procedure view - contains all of the procedures within a system. Procedure view - contains all of the procedures within a system. CRUD – (Create, Read, Update, Delete) the four primary procedures, or ways, a system can be updated. CRUD – (Create, Read, Update, Delete) the four primary procedures, or ways, a system can be updated.

9. Next Back MAP MAP F-9 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Traditional Technology Approach The Problem With The Traditional Technology Approach Leads to potential disconnects between the information and procedures. Leads to potential disconnects between the information and procedures. It’s possible to have the correct information, but not be able to do anything with it because you don’t have the corresponding procedures. It’s possible to have the correct information, but not be able to do anything with it because you don’t have the corresponding procedures. It’s possible to have the correct procedures, but not be able to do anything with it because you don’t have the corresponding information. It’s possible to have the correct procedures, but not be able to do anything with it because you don’t have the corresponding information.

10. Next Back MAP MAP F-10 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Object-Oriented Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

11. Next Back MAP MAP F-11 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-oriented (OO) approach - combines information and procedures into a single view. Object-oriented (OO) approach - combines information and procedures into a single view.

12. Next Back MAP MAP F-12 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Object-Oriented Technology Approach Information and Procedure Views Combined Figure F.2 Student Grading Systems: Combined Information and Procedures page 475

13. Next Back MAP MAP F-13 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Approach and the Real World In the real world, you actually view a given process as a combination of information and the procedures you need to act on that information. In the real world, you actually view a given process as a combination of information and the procedures you need to act on that information.

14. Next Back MAP MAP F-14 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five primary concepts of OO Technologies Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

15. Next Back MAP MAP F-15 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Information Information are key characteristics stored within a system. Examples include: Information are key characteristics stored within a system. Examples include:  Student Last Name  Student First Name  Final Course Grade

16. Next Back MAP MAP F-16 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Procedures Procedure - manipulates or changes information. Examples include: Procedure - manipulates or changes information. Examples include:  CRUD Student Last Name  Calculate Final Course Grade

17. Next Back MAP MAP F-17 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Classes Class - contains information and procedures and acts as a template to create objects. Class - contains information and procedures and acts as a template to create objects. Information decomposition - breaking down the information and procedures for ease of use and understandability. Information decomposition - breaking down the information and procedures for ease of use and understandability.

18. Next Back MAP MAP F-18 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Classes Figure F.3 Class: Dog page 477

19. Next Back MAP MAP F-19 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Objects Object - an instance of a class. Object - an instance of a class. An object is the actual item represented by the class. An object is the actual item represented by the class. Gus and Oreo in Figure G.4 on the following slide are both examples of objects of the class Dog. Gus and Oreo in Figure G.4 on the following slide are both examples of objects of the class Dog. Every dog the system tracks is a separate object and every dog object is an instance of (or created from) the class dog. Every dog the system tracks is a separate object and every dog object is an instance of (or created from) the class dog.

20. Next Back MAP MAP F-20 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Objects Figure F.4 Gus and Oreo: Two Instances (Objects) of Class Dog page 478

21. Next Back MAP MAP F-21 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Messages Messages - how objects communicate with each other. Messages - how objects communicate with each other. One object can send a message to another object asking it to perform a certain procedure. One object can send a message to another object asking it to perform a certain procedure.

22. Next Back MAP MAP F-22 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies How the Five Primary Concepts Interact Information and procedures create classes. Information and procedures create classes. Classes create objects. Classes create objects. Objects communicate with other objects via messages. Objects communicate with other objects via messages.

23. Next Back MAP MAP F-23 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies How the Five Primary Concepts Interact On Your Own Identifying Object- Oriented Concepts

24. Next Back MAP MAP F-24 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Real-world OO Example Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

25. Next Back MAP MAP F-25 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Real-World Object-Oriented Example

26. Next Back MAP MAP F-26 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Real-World Object-Oriented Example If you created a class to represent each stereo component, they could include some or all of the following: If you created a class to represent each stereo component, they could include some or all of the following:  Amplifier  CD player  Cassette deck  Equalizer  Speakers  CDs  Cassettes Each component must work together in order for the system to function. Each component must work together in order for the system to function.

27. Next Back MAP MAP F-27 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of OO Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

28. Next Back MAP MAP F-28 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies The three fundamental principles of object- oriented technologies are: The three fundamental principles of object- oriented technologies are:  Inheritance  Encapsulation  Polymorphism

29. Next Back MAP MAP F-29 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Inheritance Inheritance - the ability to define superclass and subclass relationships among classes. Inheritance - the ability to define superclass and subclass relationships among classes. Take a minute and review the Figure G.6 on the following slide and try to determine which class is the superclass and which classes are the subclasses. Take a minute and review the Figure G.6 on the following slide and try to determine which class is the superclass and which classes are the subclasses.

30. Next Back MAP MAP F-30 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Inheritance Figure F.5 Inheritance page 482

31. Next Back MAP MAP F-31 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Inheritance The Car class is the superclass and the Bronco and Porsche classes are the subclasses. The Car class is the superclass and the Bronco and Porsche classes are the subclasses. Another way to state this relationship is that the Bronco and Porsche subclasses inherit all of the information and procedures from the Car superclass. Another way to state this relationship is that the Bronco and Porsche subclasses inherit all of the information and procedures from the Car superclass.

32. Next Back MAP MAP F-32 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Inheritance Reuse - the business benefit gained from using inheritance is the ability to easily expand and maintain a system. Reuse - the business benefit gained from using inheritance is the ability to easily expand and maintain a system. Team Work Can You Find The Errors In This Diagram?

33. Next Back MAP MAP F-33 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Encapsulation Encapsulation - information hiding. Encapsulation - information hiding. Interface - any device that calls procedures and can include such things as a keyboard, mouse, and touch screen. Interface - any device that calls procedures and can include such things as a keyboard, mouse, and touch screen.

34. Next Back MAP MAP F-34 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Polymorphism Polymorphism - to have many forms. Polymorphism - to have many forms. The word Bark can mean tree bark or a dog’s bark. The word Bark can mean tree bark or a dog’s bark. Figure G.7 on the following slide shows how the calculate area procedure is named exactly the same for each class but would perform completely different calculations. Figure G.7 on the following slide shows how the calculate area procedure is named exactly the same for each class but would perform completely different calculations.

35. Next Back MAP MAP F-35 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Technologies Polymorphism Figure F.6 Polymorphism page 485

36. Next Back MAP MAP F-36 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Putting It All Together Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

37. Next Back MAP MAP F-37 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Putting It All Together: A Business Example 18 Months To Get A New Product To Market The following is a list of common competitor problems: The following is a list of common competitor problems:  18 months to get a new product to market  Inventory control  Scalability and expandability

38. Next Back MAP MAP F-38 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Takes 18 months to get a new product on the market. Takes 18 months to get a new product on the market. Businesses typically have separate systems for each business function. Businesses typically have separate systems for each business function. Each system must be updated with the new product information. Each system must be updated with the new product information. Putting It All Together: A Business Example 18 Months To Get A New Product To Market

39. Next Back MAP MAP F-39 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Putting It All Together: A Business Example 18 Months To Get A New Product To Market Reduce the time to market – use object- oriented approach. Reduce the time to market – use object- oriented approach. 1. Create Snowboard class. 2. Design an interface. 3. Use inheritance. 4. Create one object that communicates with all of the other objects across every system in your business.

40. Next Back MAP MAP F-40 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Putting It All Together: A Business Example 18 Months To Get A New Product To Market Figure F.7 Snowboard Business Case Class Diagram page 487

41. Next Back MAP MAP F-41 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Putting It All Together: A Business Example Inventory Control Businesses need to be able to have sufficient inventory on hand to meet current production needs while minimizing the associated expenses including storing the inventory, transporting the inventory, and maintaining the inventory. Businesses need to be able to have sufficient inventory on hand to meet current production needs while minimizing the associated expenses including storing the inventory, transporting the inventory, and maintaining the inventory.

42. Next Back MAP MAP F-42 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Putting It All Together: A Business Example Scalability and Expandability Scalability - refers to how well your system can adapt to increased demands. Scalability - refers to how well your system can adapt to increased demands. Expandability - refers to how easy it is to add features and functions to a system. Expandability - refers to how easy it is to add features and functions to a system.

43. Next Back MAP MAP F-43 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of OO Technologies Traditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented Example Real-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business Example Putting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologies Types of Object-Oriented technologies

44. Next Back MAP MAP F-44 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Object-Oriented Technologies Object-Oriented Programming Languages Program - a set of instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to behave in a specific manner. Program - a set of instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to behave in a specific manner. Programming language - the tool developers use to write a program. Programming language - the tool developers use to write a program. Object-oriented programming language - a programming language used to develop object- oriented systems. Object-oriented programming language - a programming language used to develop object- oriented systems.

45. Next Back MAP MAP F-45 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Object-Oriented Technologies Object-Oriented Database Systems Object-oriented databases - work with traditional database information and also complex data types such as diagrams, schematic drawings, video, sound and text documents. Object-oriented databases - work with traditional database information and also complex data types such as diagrams, schematic drawings, video, sound and text documents.

46. Next Back MAP MAP F-46 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Object-Oriented Technologies Object-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server Environments Spreading objects across a client/server network makes logical sense: Spreading objects across a client/server network makes logical sense:  Client workstations contain objects with local procedures for working with local information.  Servers contain objects with global procedures for working with global information.

47. Next Back MAP MAP F-47 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Types of O-O Technologies Object-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server Environments Figure F.9 Object-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server— The Perfect Match page 491

48. Next Back MAP MAP F-48 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Future Of Object-Oriented Technologies In the future, object- oriented tools will perform tasks and provide functionality that we haven’t even thought of yet. In the future, object- oriented tools will perform tasks and provide functionality that we haven’t even thought of yet. Team Work Researching POET

49. Next Back MAP MAP F-49 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Student Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the primary difference between the traditional technology approach and the object-oriented technology approach. 2. List and describe the five primary object-oriented concepts. 3. Explain how classes and objects are related. 4. Describe the three fundamental principles of object- oriented technologies. 5. List and describe two types of object-oriented technologies.

50. Next Back MAP MAP F-50 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Assignments & Exercises 1. Classes in the classroom. 2. Trees-R-Us. 3. Object-oriented concepts and a real-world system. 4. Understanding object-oriented concepts and terminology. 5. Explaining object-oriented technologies to your manager. 6. Classes at the video store. 7. Researching Java.