1. March 10 – Comp Gov Agenda: Briefs Intro to Nigeria HW: Study for Giant Vocab Test Take out: Briefs (Nigeria Group Notebook Pen/Pencil Homework

2. Nigeria The national motto: “Unity in Diversity” The national question: “How is the country to be governed given its great diversity?”

3. Nigeria Basics Size ≈ California + Oregon + Washington Niger Delta ≈ half the size of Washington Population ≈ 175 million Life expectancy at birth ≈ 52 years GDP (PPP) ≈ $478 billion GDP per capita ≈ $2,800 per year (up!) Oil/Petroleum Products ≈ 90% of exports

4. Africa at Night

6. Nigeria Oil and Poverty Nigeria is eighth-largest oil producer in the world… …but has to import gasoline, has widespread power outages and fuel shortages $ 500 billion of oil extracted since 1970 ≈ $ 400 billion “lost” since 1960 (EFCC)

7. Parastatals Corporate enterprises owned by the state and established to provide specific commercial and social welfare services such as water, power, telecommunications, ag commodity boards, parts, and oil Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

8. Nigeria Dangers of Oil Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets) Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing) Increasing inequality Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence) Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)

9. Nigeria Dangers of Oil Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets) Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing) Increasing inequality Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence) Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability) “greed and grievance”

11. Niger Delta Oil Fields Onshore fields Offshore fields

12. Niger Delta at Night

13. Gas Flares

14. Nigeria - Conflicts Unemployment Environmental degradation (flaring, spillage) Resource contention Intra-/Inter-community conflict Protection rackets (private and public) Illegal oil bunkering and theft Kidnapping and hostage-taking

15. Issues Poverty – 70% live below poverty line Large gap between rich and poor Health issues – high rates of HIV/AIDS Literacy – higher than for many nations in Africa but below world average Urban/Rural Differences

16. Prebendalism Disbursing of public offices and state rents to one’s ethnic-based clients. Prebendalism deepened sectional cleavages eroded the resources of the state discouraged genuinely productive activity in civil society expanded the class of individuals who live off state patronage Transparency International lists Nigeria as one of the world’s most corrupt nations