1. Political Parties – Structure: Three major components of Political Parties (3-headed Political Giant): 1.Party in the Electorate 2.Party Organization 3.Party in Government

2. 1.Party in the Electorate: –Those who identify with the party Only about 60% of the public –What do you do to join? Any dues? –Recent trends in party affiliation?

3. The Party in the Electorate

4. Party Coalitions Today

5. Generalizations for _________: –Younger –Females; Minorities; Single –Upper East Coast (New England) –West Coast (mostly Democrat) Generalizations for _________: –Middle to Older –Male; Married –Southern –Midwestern

6. Group Factors that Affect Our Political Ideology & Party Affiliation: Race/Ethnicity: Affiliations are based on freedom-equality issues and socioeconomic conditions White-Favor Republican Black-Overwhelmingly favor Democrats Hispanic Overwhelmingly favor Democrats EXCEPT Cubans Asian-relatively neutra l

7. GENDER The Gender Gap = Men tend to favor Republicans/Conservatives Women tend to favor Democrats / Liberals

9. FAMILY INCOME LEVEL: The higher one’s income, the more likely they are to… Register to vote Vote Vote Republican

11. Effect of Education: higher the education, the more likely one will: Register to vote Vote Vote Democrat –(at least in the beginning) Participate politically in various methods

12. Jewish persons –Most liberal Democrats! Protestants –Conservative, particularly in South / Bible Belt Black Protestants –also very liberal Democrats Catholics –A mix; tend to be liberal EXCEPT on social issues RELIGION

13. Urban v. Suburban v. Rural America POPULATION DENSITY –The more people living in your area, the more _______________ your area tends to be –Higher populated cities tend to benefit more from federal spending –More government services are needed in densely populated areas Regional Factors that Affect Political Ideology:

14. Region Summary of Voting trends by region –Northeast –Midwest –South –West –Swing States Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania

16. Figure 8.1 The Meaning of Party Parties, Voters, and Policy: The Downs Model –______________ theory: Assumes that individuals in the electorate act in their own best interest, weighing the personal costs & benefits.

17. 2010 AP EXAM Source: Web site of the clerk of the House of Representatives (http:// 3. Over the last several decades, the composition of the Democratic and Republican parties has changed in important ways. A major partisan shift has occurred in the South, but other demographic changes have also been identified. Changes in party composition are reflected at different rates in presidential elections than in congressional elections. (a) Identify one specific trend evident in the figure above. (c) Several other changes in party composition have emerged in the past few decades. For each of the following groups explain how parties have changed in composition with respect to that group. –Catholics- Labor Union Members- Women- Social Conservatives

18. 2.Party Organization –P–Party professionals in national, state, local day- to-day operations whose goal is to select candidates, build platforms & win! –T–The key organizational unit of the party structure is at the city, county, state levels –N–National parties are little more than an affiliation of regional entities---lack any real control over the regions –B–BUT most Americans define the parties on the basis of their national identities Party Organization

19. Local Party Orgs. Five distinct types of local party organizations have developed: 1.The machine 2.Ideological parties 3.Solidarity Groups 4.Sponsored parties 5.Personal followings Increasingly, local political activists who become nationally known come from interest groups (AFL-CIO, NOW, NEA, etc.)

20. Late 1800s Party Organization – Local Urban Political Machines PATRONAGEPATRONAGE RULED! –What is it? Urban city machines ruled in the late 1800’s Some survived much later –Mayor Daley of Chicago, 1950s-70s

21. Party Organization – States: Each state manages its own party operation –Decentralized & fragmented 3 Types of State Primaries: –_____________ Voters can decide on the day of the election which party’s to vote in –_____________ Only registered party voters can vote –_____________ All voters – all candidates – can pick some of each party

22. Party Control in State Governments Partisan Control of State Governments: 2005 (Figure 8.3)

23. Researchers and academics used by the parties as sources of policy ideas They influence platforms! Republican Think Tanks: –Heritage Foundation, American Enterprise Institute Democratic Think Tanks: –Open Society Institute, Center for National Policy Brookings Institution (1916) –most non-partisan?

24. Parties at National Level National Committee National Convention held every _____ years to: 1.Choose presidential nominee of the party BUT…..? 2.To prepare/announce the party’s platform

25. 3.Party in Government –T–Those who are elected or appointed to office as members of a political party

26. Political Parties are Linkage Institutions: input outputThey link input from the public with output from policy makers Four linkage institutions in U.S.: