1. fMRI and MR Spectroscopy

2. BOLD BOLD=Blood Oxygenation Level Dependant contrast Neurons at work use oxygen (carried by hemoglobin) 1-5 s. delay, peaks at 4-5 s. T2 or T2* contrast 2-4 mm spatial resolution 1-4 s. temporal resolution

3. fMRI exam High resolution image of brain taken Series of scans over time –Lower resolution –T2 or T2* weighted Subject performs task, rests, performs task, rest, etc. Task can be visual, auditory, sensory, cognitive… Statistical analysis performed

4. Activated Regions

5. 3D Reconstruction http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fmri_intro/trans_anim.gif

6. Stroop Test http://www.david.tam.name/SelfTests/Stro opEffects.htmlhttp://www.david.tam.name/SelfTests/Stro opEffects.html http://www2.b3ta.com/clickthecolour/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/exp osure/strooptest.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/exp osure/strooptest.html Results: http://spnl.stanford.edu/healthy_brain/studi es/hb_study_03.htmhttp://spnl.stanford.edu/healthy_brain/studi es/hb_study_03.htm

7. Other Cognitive tests http://www.cogtest.com/int_test/GoNoGoFl ash1.htmlhttp://www.cogtest.com/int_test/GoNoGoFl ash1.html Face recognition results http://www.perceptionandaction.com/pdf/p ublications/MarottaGenoveseBehrmann- 2001-002.pdfhttp://www.perceptionandaction.com/pdf/p ublications/MarottaGenoveseBehrmann- 2001-002.pdf

8. MRS Image 1H NOT in water –Large voxel Molecules have distinct RFs –‘chemical shift’ = distance from RF of water Supress water signal to ‘see’ other signals

9. Chemical Shift Area under peak gives concentration http://www.mrispectroscopy.com/mrs.htm

10. Cases http://www.mrispectroscopy.com/Case_list.htm