1. 7.1 Chapter 7 Review Transmission Media Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2. 7.2 Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer

3. 7.3 Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

4. 7.4 7-1 GUIDED MEDIA Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable Topics discussed in this section:

5. 7.5 Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable

6. 7.6 Figure 7.4 UTP and STP cables

7. 7.7 Figure 7.5 UTP connector

8. 7.8 Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable

9. 7.9 Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

10. 7.10 Figure 7.14 Fiber construction

11. 7.11 7-2 UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to as wireless communication. Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared Topics discussed in this section:

12. 7.12 Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

13. 7.13 Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

14. 7.14 Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves

15. 7.15 Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antenna

16. 7.16 Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. Note

17. 7.17 Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas

18. 7.18 Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs. Note

19. 7.19 Infrared signals can be used for short- range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation. Note

20. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Exercise Chapter 7 7.20

21. 1-what is the position of the transmission media in the OSI model? The transmission media is located beneath the physical layer and controlled by the physical layer. 7.21

22. 2-Name the two major categories of transmission media? Guided (wired) media, and unguided (wireless) media. 7.22

23. 3-How do guided media differ from unguided media? Guided media have physical boundaries, while unguided media are unbounded 7.23

24. 4-what is the significance of the twisting in twisted pair cable? Twisting ensures that both wires are equally, but inversely, affected by external influences such as noise. 7.24

25. 5-what is the purpose of cladding In an optical fiber? The inner core of an optical fiber is surrounded by cladding. The core is denser than the cladding, so a light beam traveling through the core is reflected at the boundary between the core and the cladding if the incident angle is more than the critical angle. 7.25