1. Exercise Behavior and Adherence
Tyler Daly
Austin Lowery
Exercise Behavior and Adherence

2. Exercise Adherence Questionnaire
1. What makes people exercise and what makes people not exercise?
2. What are the determinates of exercise adherence
3. What strategies are used to increase exercise adherence?
4. What is exercise adherence?

3. Objectives Describe what exercise adherence is
Explain why people choose to not exercise compared to why they should exercise
Explain the determinants of exercise adherence
Identify strategies for increasing exercise adherence

4. What is Exercise Adherence?
Exercise Adherence refers to the strength of an individuals commitment to performing physical exercise.
High among people that have achievable goals but also challenging with the supervision of a trainer or coach
Exercises start of easy and then get harder

5. Why People Don’t Exercise
Lack of Time
Lack of Energy
Lack of Motivation
Lack of Social Support
Lack of Money

6. Why They Should Exercise!
Weight Control
Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Reduction is Stress and Depression
Enjoyment
Enhancement of Self Esteem
Opportunities to Socialize

7. Determinants Personal Factors Demographic Variables
Cognitive and personality variables
Behaviors

8. Demographic variables
Demographic variables that have been associated with physical activity traditionally include education, income, and social economic status.
Research has shown people with white collar jobs tend to show more exercise adherence.
Recent studies used non white participants, because groups who are non white are absent from the literature, and at risk for low levels for activity.

9. Cognitive and personality variables
Self- efficacy and self-motivation have been found to be the most consistent predictors of physical activity.
Campaigns have been put in place to modify knowledge, attitudes, values and beliefs regarding physical activity to try and influence a persons interest to be active.

10. Behaviors
Behavior plays a vital role in the amount of physical activity one has, research has shown that children who were encouraged at a younger age to be physically active tend to be physically active through adulthood.

11. Determinants Environmental Factors Social Environment
Physical Environment
Physical Activity Characteristics

12. Social Environment
Social support from friends and family have been consistently linked to increased physical activity.
Spousal Support plays a critical role on exercise adherence.
Spouses attitudes can influence someone more than their own.
Social support has also been proven to help injuries and rehabilitation

13. Physical environment
Proximity to home is important to whether a person chooses to exercise.
Closer the person workout facility is the more likely they are to stick to a program
Climate and season also plays a significant role, low levels of activity in the winter while high activity in the summer based on location

14. Physical activity characteristics
The most important factors include intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise
Discomfort during exercise can effect adherence to a program
The recommended duration of time during a moderate intense workout is anywhere between 30min1hr
More vigorous activity shows greater risk for injury

15. Physical activity characteristics (cont.)
Group exercising offers enjoyment, social support, increased sense to personal commitment to continue, opportunity to compare progress and fitness levels with other people.

16. Physical Activity Characteristics Cont.
Good leader will be able to compensate for deficiencies, such as lack of space or equipment.
Good leaders are knowledgeable, likeable, and show concern for safety and psychological comfort.

17. Increasing Exercise Adherence
Behavioral Modification Approaches
Reinforcement Approaches
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
Decision-Making Approaches
Social Support Approaches
Intrinsic Approaches

18. Behavior modification approaches
Behavior modification may have an impact on something in the physical environment that acts as a cue for habits of behaviors
A prompt is a cue that initiates a behavior
Fading is how prompts can causally be eliminated and people increase in independence

19. Behavior modification approaches (cont.)
Another way to change behavior is through the method of contracting
Typically specifies expectations, responsibilities, and contingencies for behavioral change
Includes realistic goals, dates these goals should be reached and consequences for not reaching goals

20. Reinforcement approaches
Reinforcement can be either positive or negative, use of incentives or rewards to increase adherence, and charting attendance and participation
Performance feedback is important in the reinforcement process, putting the information in a chart shows visual improvements showing if they are reaching there goals
Feedback on their progression has shown to increase motivational benefits

21. Cognitive approaches
Assumes that internal events such as thinking have an important role in change
Goal setting is a useful technique in improving adherence and behavior, once people reach goals that they have set they feel better about themselves rising self-esteem, psychological needs, satisfaction, exercise behavior and lower levels of anxiety

22. Cognitive approaches (cont.)
Association is when the focus is on the internal body feedback, such as breathing and how your muscles feel
Disassociation is when external environments become the focus such as how pretty the scenery is
Research has shown that those who focus on disassociation have improved adherence because they are focused on other things reducing boredom and fatigue

23. Decision-making approaches
A decision balance sheet makes people more aware of the potential benefits and cost of an exercise program
Individuals write anticipated consequences of exercise participation in terms of gains to self, loses to self, gains of improvement to others, losses of improvement to others, approval of others, disapproval of others, self approval and self-disapproval
This has shown that when participants are involved in the decision making process attendance and positive outcomes have increased

24. Social support approaches
Social support refers to an individual’s favorable attitude toward someone else’s involvement in an exercise program
Family, friends, spouses help cue exercise through verbal reminders, also by being a model if they exercise through behavior and companionship during exercise. Another way would be through transportation, leading of clothes, and measuring exercise routes
Social support has been proven to enhance physical activity and adherence with structured exercise programs

25. Intrinsic approaches
Intrinsic motivation comes from within and has been proven to be the longest lasting and most meaningful
Focuses on the experience itself rather than the external goals such as losing weight
Be focused on the process rather than the product of the movement activities, people who focus on the external outcomes face societal and physical barriers so become a life long exercisers individuals must become more process orient ended

26. Intrinsic approaches (cont.)
Engage in purposeful and meaningful physical activity, people who are longtime exercisers do this in many ways
Make exercise enjoyable
Offer a choice of activities
Promote exercising with friends or groups

27. The Most Inspirational Video Ever!!

28. Works Cited
Weinberg, Robert, Gould, Daniel. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2011