1. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology1 A2 Psychology of Sport Attitude wk 3 Skills Lesson Starter Get out plain piece of paper and a pen Working as a team Complete green group tasks Working as an individual Complete yellow individual tasks

2. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology2 LEWIN

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5. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology5 Recap week 2 personality Social learning theory Bandura Interactionist Theory Lewin

6. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology6 Bandura

7. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology7 Motivator

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9. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology9 Role Model

10. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology10 Lesson objectives By the end of the lesson you should understand the social learning & Interactionist theories of personality understand how to apply practical examples to theory

11. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology11 What’s what Anything in red is a key word that you should have a definition for and then learn Anything in yellow is a task for you to do and you must write down the answer Anything green is a discussion task either with your partner or the whole class

12. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology12 Buzz words Enduring Cognitive Behavioural Affective Achievement motivation Socialisation Cognitive dissonance Persuasion Triadic model

13. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology13 What is attitude? A behaviour that is the typical response of individual regarding 1.Objects 2.people 3.situations (called attitude objects) Attitudes are linked to personality and this influences our behaviour

14. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology14 What is attitude? Attitude is learned Attitudes are emotional responses that can be enduring (long lasting) Attitudes are unstable and therefore can be changed

15. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology15 Attitude Attitude is a long lasting emotional and behavioural response. It is unstable which means that it can be changed and controlled Can also depend on personality, think about the different theories of personality.

16. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology16 Prejudice Prejudice is a negative view of something that is not entirely based on fact Long standing attitudes can lead to prejudice based on unfounded beliefs or opinions Such prejudices could lead to a negative view of physical activity

17. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology17 Practical Example A year 10 GCSE student chooses not to take part in fitness lessons as he saw his friend has told him that he didn’t enjoy it

18. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology18 TASK What is your attitude to A) Dance B) Rugby C) Boxing Give reasons for your answers

19. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology19 Positive prejudice Just as prejudice can be negative it can also be positive E.g. a students sister was very good at sport so the teacher assumes that they will also be good at sport

20. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology20 Questions Why do different people’s attitude differ? Where do we get our attitude from

21. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology21 What forms our attitude?

22. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology22 What forms our attitude? Socialisation The way in which are brought up and can effect our attitude Initially our families help us to form attitudes but as we grow older friends and school have a greater effect on us

23. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology23 COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE - THE TRIADIC MODEL

24. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology24 Cognitive This is what an individual believes / knows E.g. the individual know that swimming on a regular basis will improve c.v endurance

25. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology25 Affective This ins how the individual feels (linked to emotions) about the activity E.g. she enjoys swimming

26. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology26 Behavioural This is how the individual behaves or responds to the activity e.g. the individual will continue to swim on a weekly basis

27. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology27 ATTITUDE CAN BE CHANGED BY PERSUASION AND COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

28. Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger) If a person hold two ideas that oppose and conflict with each other an element of discomfort arises. Emotional conflict is called DISSONANCE.

29. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology29 Cognitive dissonance If 2 of the components of attitude (in the triadic model) are in conflict the performer will feel emotional discomfort This is known as cognitive dissonance

30. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology30 Cognitive dissonance E.g. When a performer has a negative attitude towards something This can be changes through re-training the mind of the performer, giving them a positive experience of an activity i.e. re- creating a positive attitude

31. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology31 Cont.. New slides from here Individual influences of sports performance: Attitude Lesson 4

32. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology32 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To understand prejudices and stereotypes in sport To understand positive and negative attitudes in sport To understand how to apply practical examples to theory

33. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology33 OUR ATTITUDE TO SPORT ( AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPORTS) CAN DEPEND ON DIFFERENT ELEMENTS PREJUDICE AND SPORT STEREOTYPES

34. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology34 NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES women in strength, endurance and contact sports participation of the disabled in physical activity older age groups interest and ability at sport participation of particular ethnic groups in specific sports or positions within teams PREJUDICE a prejudgement of a person, group, or situation usually based on opinion rather than fact or inaccurate or biased information which reinforces stereotypes

35. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology35 Identify positive and negative attitudes to sport POSITIVE ATTITUDES has a positive physical self- concept satisfaction from participation in sport believe sport promotes health success at sport willing to try new activities encouraged by significant others participates regularly opportunity to participate NEGATIVE ATTITUDES had negative experiences at sport have lifestyle which makes regular sport difficult find sport frustrating lack encouragement unlikely to participate in sport have a negative self concept find sport boring

36. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology36 For a persons attitude to change by persuasion they must pay attention understand accept retain the message being given the message must –be clear –be balanced between emotion and logic –be balanced between pros and cons the coach must be expert be trustworthy

37. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology37 For a persons attitude to change by cognitive dissonance they must be consistent between cognitive affective behavioural components cognitive dissonance occurs hence attitudes must change –if two factual elements of attitude conflict –example : the smoker who knows that smoking is bad for health the person must be consistent between different elements

38. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology38 How do we measure attitude ? By observation related to actual events as they are happening difficult to quantify or measure open to interpretation by observer Through questionnaires only as good as the questions asked measurable using –Thurstone scale –Likert scale –Osgood’s Semantic Differential Scale

39. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology39 Research iclude sheet here on pros and cons of research USING PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS indicators such as –blood pressure –skin conductivity –brain activity (ECG) can be interpreted to indicate telling the truth –about an attitude object measurable independent of observer but takes a long time to set up requiring special apparatus

40. 2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology40 June 05 Use practical examples to describe the components of a positive attitude towards training and performance. What influences a positive attitude to training & performance [6]