2. The Beginnings.... David Walker Spread ideas through mending Sailor’s pants Roots of Abolitionism Mennonites Quaker: Benjamin Lundy –Gradual Emancipation (1821)

3. The Colonization Liberia (1817- 1831) Who? Freed blacks and emancipated slaves Why? Some Abolitionists believed the blacks would never receive equal treatment in America African American reaction? Most were offended, they considered themselves American

4. Radical Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator (antislavery newspaper) Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society “I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation.... I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD!

5. Frederick Douglass Intelligent former slave and great orator –Taught to read by his master’s wife –Escaped at age 21 –Spent his life devoted to the Abolition Movement North Star “They who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.”

6. Divisions Among Abolitionists Women’s Participation –Sarah and Angelina Grimké –Sojourner Truth (freed slave) –Believed mission was to spread the “Truth” Race –Blacks felt that White abolitionists looked down on them –Split Garrison and Douglass Tactics –Was slavery Constitutional?

7. The Underground Railroad

8. A Network of escape to transport slaves to freedom in the North and Canada Harriet Tubman –“Black Moses” –Led over 300 slaves to safety

9. Routes to the North The River: –Risky trip up the Mississippi to Illinois –Often patrolled by slave hunters Swamps –Safe from pursuit, but natural dangers to face –Led to routes into Canada Mountains –Forest and caves offered shelter –Served as a pathway to the North

10. Resistance to Abolitionism North: –Sour relations with the South (harming trade) –Feared competition for jobs –“White Only” communities South –Defend way of life –Prohibited abolitionist mail/ideas “GAG RULE”-prohibited anti-slavery petitions from being read in the house (8 years)