1. Chapter 1 The Data Communication Industry The best way to approach data communication The data communication industry Challenge & solution to business-oriented data communication analysis

2. The Best Way to Approach Data Communication Never know everything in the field Honest about your knowledge Consult with expertise Lifelong learning

3. Data Communication Industry General concept Terminology History Regulation Deregulation Standard Driving forces

4. General Concept - I Data communication –The encoded transmission of data (voice, data, & video) via electrical, optical or wireless means between computers or network processor Benefits –Delivering data & information –Real time –Distance –Competitive advantages

5. General Concept - II Components –Source (Transmitter) –Medium (Communication Line) –Sink (Receiver) –Communication networks –Communication rules (protocols)

6. General Concept - III Selection Criteria –Availability - time –Reliability - hardware & software –Online and real-time –Response time –User interface –Ergonomics –Flexibility

7. Terminology Local exchange carrier (LEC) –Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOCs) Inter-exchange carrier (IXC) Public switched network Central office (CO) Local access transport area (LATA) –Intra LATA (Local Calls) –Inter LATA (Long-Distance Calls) Point of present (POP) Competitive access providers (CAPs)

8. History Telegraph Telephone Computer Transistor Large-Scale Integrated Circuits Satellite

9. Regulation Agencies Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Public Utility Commission (PUC) or Public Service Commission (PSC)

10. Reasons for Regulation Universality or compatibility Protection Interference Duplication Infrastructure

11. Subjects of Regulation Installation & operation Price Profit Tariffs –Duration –Amount of Data –Minimum Service Charge –Flat Rate

12. Deregulation Interconnect industry –Caterfone decision (1968) –MCI decision (1969) Antitrust –Computer Inquiry I (1971) –Open skies policy (1971) –Modified Final Judgement (1982) –Open network architecture (1986-1987) Deregulation –Telecommunication Act (1996)

13. Impacts of Deregulation Competition Better and economical service New and flexible products

14. Standards - I Making Organizations –International Telecommunications Union- Telecommunication Standardization Section (ITU-T) (Consultative Committee on International Telephones and Telegraph (CCITT)) –International Standards Organization (ISO) –American National Standard Institute (ANSI) –Electrical Industries Association (EIA) –National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) –Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

15. Standards -II Concepts –Rules for Compatibility –Open System –Specify “How”

16. Standards - III Needs –Complex communication systems –Maintenance and future growth –Connectivity between network devices –Distributed processing systems –Diagnostic and performance management

17. Standards - IV Pros –Compatibility between vendors –Fewer products Cons –Slow processing –Obsolescence –Freezing technology –Discouraging innovation

18. Driving Force Technology push/demand pull –Vendors/consultants –Business & users –Carriers –Research –Technology –Manufacturers

19. Challenges Technology investment vs. productivity gains Technology meets business needs Complex and compatibility issues

20. Solutions - I Top-down model –Business: objectives –Application: generates information to achieve objectives –Data: needed by applications –Network: delivery data & information –Technology: increases productivity and efficiency Cost/benefit analysis

21. Solutions - II Open systems interconnection (OSI) model –Physical –Data link –Network –Transport –Session –Presentation –Application

22. Solutions - III Internet suite of protocols model –TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol) Input-processing-output (I-P-O) model

23. Assignment Review Goldman chapter 1 Prepare activities problem no. 3 (p. 32) Read Goldman chapter 2