1. B Lymphocytes The response of B lymphocytes to a foreign antigen, clonal selection and the release of monoclonal antibodies (the humoral response). Definition of antibody. Antibody structure. The formation of an antigen-antibody complex, leading to the destruction of the antigen, limited to agglutination and phagocytosis of bacterial cells. The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses. MARK HW

2. Humoral Immunity Humoral means fluid. Humoral immunity is the immune system in fluids such as blood. Antibodies are soluble in fluids so Humoral immunity refers to antibodies and the action of B Lymphocytes to foreign invaders. Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

3. Clonal Selection B Lymphocytes respond to specific antigens in solutions. Every B cell has a receptor that can detect a specific antigen shape. Each B cell is different. 1. If a B cell detects its specific antigen, it engulfs it (just like APCs) and displays the antigen on its surface. 2. A Helper T cell will recognise this activated B cell and bind to it, causing the B cell to start dividing rapidly. 3. All copies of he B cell made are specific to the antigen that was detected. This is called clonal selection. 4. The identical copies can then become Plasma B Cells and produce antibodies specific to the antigen or become Memory B cells. Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

4. Summary of B Cell Action Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

5. Primary and Secondary Immune Response Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

6. Antibodies and structure Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

7. How Antibodies lead to destruction of the antigen Antibodies don’t destroy the antigen/pathogen on their own, they simply make it easier for your phagocytes and Killer T cells to mop up them up. Bind to the pathogens antigens and cause them to agglutinate together Serve as markers that help phagocytes identify them more clearly. Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

8. Monoclonal Antibodies Starter: Identify and Discuss the main features of Phagocytosis T cell mediated Immunity B cell immunity

9. Monoclonal Antibodies A pathogen may have more than one antigen on its surface so more than one B cell can respond to it. Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are just one type of antibody made from one type of B Cell. Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

10. Producing Monoclonal Antibodies Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

11. Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Monoclonal Antibodies as Drugs to treat diseases such as Infections and Cancers Medical Diagnosis Pregnancy Tests Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.

12. Ethics of producing monoclonal Antibodies Use of Animals Success rate Safety testing Learning Outcomes Describe the reactions involved of a B lymphocyte to a pathogen Define antibody and explain its structure The roles of plasma cells and of memory cells in producing primary and secondary immune responses.