1. Chapter 11 The Oceans EQ: How are ocean floor features more spectacular than those on the continent? Standard S6E3c Describe the composition, location and subsurface topography of the world’s oceans.

2. World Ocean Division of World Ocean Division of World Ocean –The world’s oceans can be divided into 4 main ocean basins: The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian ocean, and the Arctic ocean. –Pacific Ocean Largest ocean Largest ocean Average depth is 4.3 km Average depth is 4.3 km –Atlantic Ocean 2 nd largest ocean 2 nd largest ocean Average depth is 3.3 km Average depth is 3.3 km –Indian Ocean Small ocean, deeper than the Atlantic Small ocean, deeper than the Atlantic Average depth is 3.8 km Average depth is 3.8 km –Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is about 7% of the size of the pacific ocean. The Arctic Ocean is about 7% of the size of the pacific ocean. It is only a little more than one quarter as deep as the rest of the oceans. It is only a little more than one quarter as deep as the rest of the oceans.

3. Section 1 Exploring the Ocean Oceanography – the study of Earth’s oceans Oceanography – the study of Earth’s oceans Exploring the Ocean Floor Exploring the Ocean Floor –3.8 kilometers deep on average –Conditions are very harsh Sunlight does not penetrate far below the surface Sunlight does not penetrate far below the surface Water is very cold Water is very cold Deep ocean water exerts tremendous pressure Deep ocean water exerts tremendous pressure –Sonar Sound Navigation and Ranging Sound Navigation and Ranging Uses sound waves to calculate distance to an object Uses sound waves to calculate distance to an object

4. The Ocean Floor Shallow water Shallow water –Continental shelf –Continental slope Open Ocean Open Ocean –Mountains which form islands –Seamounts Mountains whose peaks do not break the surface of the ocean Mountains whose peaks do not break the surface of the ocean –Abyssal plain –Mid-ocean ridge Deepest Depths Deepest Depths –Trench (Mariana’s Trench in the Pacific – 11 km deep)

5. The Ocean Floor

6. Ocean Zones Ocean zones include –Intertidal zone –Neritic zone –Open-ocean zone